>ChnMind 1.29 Foundations in Genesis

>Old Abe–Jerusalem’s Most Venerable Founding Father

The Covenant with Abraham

Any and every world-view inevitably has a philosophy of both the past and the future. In fact, ask a person their view of the past, their philosophy of history―whether formal or informal―and one can pretty much discern immediately whether he or she is a citizen of Jerusalem or of Athens, and if of Athens, the particular idolatry to which he is wedded.

With respect to the mind of a Christian, our view of the past and our philosophy of history is not latent; it is explicit. While Christians are profoundly future orientated, their beliefs, hopes and aspirations for the future are grounded upon certainties imbedded in the past. In particular, they are grounded upon the great redemptive, saving acts of God in His Incarnate Son, Jesus our Lord, Who was born of the virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead, and buried, Who descended into hell, but Who rose again from the dead on the third day and ascended into heaven, where He sat (and sits to this day) at the right hand of God, whence all enemies in the immaterial realms and upon the earth are being progressively placed under His feet.

But the history of Jerusalem goes back farther than the fullness of time when Jesus Christ came forth, born of a woman. His coming forth did not occur in a conceptual or historical vacuum. The framework of His advent into the human race was given two millennia previously, when God made a covenant with a wandering Aramaean, named Abram, later called Abraham.

Not only did Jesus come forth in the terms of that covenant, He came to keep and fulfil the obligations of God’s oath to Abraham and his descendants. Eventually, when Christ arose, entered the heavens and poured forth the Spirit of God upon His people, so that His salvation began to reach to the ends of the earth, including the Gentiles, He declared that those who had formerly been strangers and exiles, outside and afar off from God, were grafted into the covenant made with Abraham. Thus, Gentiles were called sons of Abraham, heirs according to promise (Galatians 3: 28,29).

Therefore, from the time of Abraham onwards, God’s dealings with man, which are both the crucible and the flame of all human history, have been according to the terms of His covenant with Abraham.

What, then, is a covenant? It is a formal structured bond, whereby God promises to act a in a certain way toward Abraham and his descendants, and swears by Himself (since there was nothing higher that possibly could be invoked) that He would perform what He had promised. Abraham for his part was commanded to live and act in a certain way towards God. Above all else, it was expected that Abraham and his descendants would trust God and believe in Him. This believing in God and His promises covenanted to Abraham resulted in Abraham and his descendants being justified or reckoned as righteous (sinless) before God, and therefore recipients of eternal life.

Thus, we are told in Genesis 15:6, as the Lord and Abraham entered into a formal covenant making ceremony, that Abraham believed in the Lord, and consequently He reckoned it to him as righteousness. And Paul the apostle of the Lord confirms that to this day both Jews and Gentiles who believe truthfully in the Lord are likewise reckoned as righteous before the Lord. (Romans, chapters 4 & 5) Being reckoned as righteous, they inherit the Kingdom of God, the recreated heavens and earth, and eternal life.

The covenant with Abraham, then, sets out the terms and conditions of all human history, the entirety of our course and our existence. This includes not only those who dwell in Jerusalem, but also all who dwell in Athens, the City of Unbelief, insofar as they are being conditioned, shaped, and dealt with in terms of God’s oaths and promises to Abraham, whether they recognize it or not. This is made evident in Genesis 12: 3 where the Lord says to Abraham: “I will bless those who bless you and the one who curses you I will curse.”

The key covenant documents with respect to Abraham in Genesis are Genesis 12:1―3; Genesis 15; and Genesis 17: 1―14. As redemptive history unfolds, these texts are augmented, enlarged, expanded, and developed. They reached their final development and augmentation in the Person and work of Christ Jesus, the Lord incarnate, Who declared that all along Abraham had looked forward and rejoiced to see Jesus day―and that he did see it (in faith) and was glad. (John 8:56)

The key elements of the covenant with Abraham include:

1. The requirement to leave his father’s house, which was a house of idol worshippers.
2. The promise that Abraham would become a great nation
3. That God would bless him and would make his name great, so that he in turn would be a blessing to others to the extent that all the families of the earth would eventually be thus blessed by the Lord.
4. Abraham’s descendants would be more numerous than the stars of the heavens.
5. The covenant would be entered into by the Lord not only with Abraham, but his descendants after him, as an everlasting covenant.

The universal reach of the covenant promise is breathtaking. In fact, Paul’s commentary upon it was that Abraham would possess and inherit not just the land of Canaan, but the whole world (Romans 4: 13) which corresponds with the risen Christ’s command to go forth and disciple all the nations of the earth.

Since the covenant with Abraham is so foundational, such that even the entrance of our Lord incarnate into human history, is according to its structures, terms, promises, and goals, it is helpful to keep in mind some key characteristics of the covenants God makes with His people.

1. God’s covenant defines His relationship to us, and our relationship to Him.
2. God’s covenant always runs in the lines of generations (which is why the families and households of Jerusalem are so important).
3. God’s covenant has always been built around the blood He provides.
4. God’s covenant has a legal aspect, but it is also a relationship far deeper and closer than anything which law could circumscribe.
5. God’s covenant is always given with conditions.
6. The Newer Covenant is the Older Covenant all grown up.
(Our thanks to Pastor Steve Schlissel of Messiah’s Covenant Community Church, Brooklyn, New York for this helpful summary.)

There are two cities in the world: the Jerusalem, the City of Belief, and Athens, the City of Unbelief. The constitutional documents of Jerusalem are the Scriptures of the Older and Newer Testaments, and in particular, her charter or founding documents are the great covenant texts which were issued first in the days of Abraham, and which were completed and culminated in the history, deeds, and revelation of the Lord Jesus Christ, King of all kings, and Lord of all lords.

These documents confirm that Jerusalem will expand and grow and fill the whole earth, as the faith of Abraham and his descendants spreads from heart to heart, parent to child, nation to nation through the agency of the life giving Spirit of the Lord. This is the essence of Jerusalem’s philosophy of history. It is the only true Universal History.

To Athens is left the detritus of a fractured world, chaotic, tumultuous, a ceaseless sea of doubt, fear, uncertainty and death. To Athenians we say, ” Come out, leave that city, for why would you prefer to die, son or daughter of Adam? The gates of Jerusalem are still wide open, though they will not always be. You would be welcomed with great joy and much celebration, for there is not one citizen of Jerusalem who has not likewise departed Athens and its living death, and walked before you through those ancient gates wherein the Lord Himself dwells.”

>ChnMind 1.28 The Tower of Babel and Its Imitators

>The Curse Upon Babel and Its Lifting

The New World Order. One world government. Human history has seen a succession of universalist empires come and go. These have all had one ethic in common: an ambition of universal rule over all human life.
In the ancient world, a succession of such empires followed hard upon the heels of the other. They were the Babylonian, the Medo-Persian, the Alexandrian, and finally (in the sequence) the Roman Empire.

In the Christian Era, we have seen the Islamic Empire, the Third Reich, and the universalist Communist empires. Comparatively, the last two, modern manifestations have fortunately been relatively brief and ended as spectactular failures, notwithstanding the devastation they wrought upon the earth in their relatively brief lives.

Also in the modern world we have had ersatz universalist empires―a kind of coalition of the willing. These have included the United Nations―a crazy kind of bureaucratic global federalism designed to decommission the nation-state by successive delegation of state’s powers to an international bureaucracy. The United Nations is a sick joke, a parody of probity, a cesspool of corruption, malfeasance, and pettifogging―where the naked ambitions of super-bureaucrats run wild.

A second example has been the universalist claims of the Roman Catholic papacy. These claims and aspirations have appears to have waned in recent decades, but maybe they are just awaiting more favorable climes, before they recrudesce with new vigour and aggression. At its worst, the historical papacy was a kind of ecclesiastic doppelganger to the modern, secular United Nations―with equally disastrous characteristics and results.

A third example of modern ersatz universalist pretensions is the belief that history has stopped progressing with the development of modern liberal western democracy, that mankind has reached its apotheosis, and that the entire world will now be conformed to the ideals of a modern, secular democracy. This has belief has expressed itself as the Manifest Destiny of the United States―to be in the vanguard of the masses (one is tempted to say, “proletariate”)―and make the world safe for democracy.

All of these universalist pretensions and aspirations―and there are many more―have one thing in common. They are all echoing aftershocks of the first one-world-universalist-empire. They are all variations and permutations of a regressive, back-to-the-future move. They all walk after the spirit of Babel. They all represent―to one degree or other―an attempt to unite mankind again under one universal rule, which, as Tolkien so graphically portrayed, is the ultimate satanic seduction:

One Ring to rule them all
One Ring to find them
One Ring to bring them all
And in the darkness bind them.

Genesis 11 records the attempt and its aftermath. Firstly, a connection is revealed between the use of one tongue or common language and the aspiration to build a tower that reached to the heavens and a city that united mankind into one. The new human race, descending from Noah, reached the point where they established a united consensus of purpose―facilitated largely through their having a common language. “Come, let us build for ourselves a city, and a tower whose top will reach the heaven, and let us make for ourselves a name; lest we be scattered over the face of the whole earth.’ (Genesis 11:4).

This, it seems to us, is the satanic countermove to the Lord’s establishing the institution of the civil magistrate to punish murder after Noah’s Flood. Since the antediluvian “every man doing what is right in his own eyes” was now forbidden and would no longer be tolerated by the Lord in history, and since the civil magistracy was given to prevent this occurring again, Unbelief rode the opposite pole, and rode it hard. The countermove was to create a super-state, a super magistracy that would bind mankind into one entity by force.

This universalist, totalitarian city would have produced as much evil as the period of lawlessness before the Flood. As we have seen, in the postdiluvian world, which is the world as we know it today, evil was to be prevented from assuming regnancy in the world. It was to be restricted, controlled and governed. The Tower of Babel was mankind’s attempt to shuffle off God’s restraint, replacing no-governance with totalitarian super-governance. The potential for evil implicit in this move is conveyed in Genesis 9: 6,7 where the unity of purpose of fallen man, represented and made possible by a common language (and culture), would lead to a removal of all restraints upon evil once again: “Behold they are one people, and they all have the same language. And this is what they began to do, and now nothing which they purpose to do will be impossible for them.” In other words, the Lord reveals that in their unity, there would be no restraint upon their evil and what it would produce.

Thus, the Lord confused the common speech into a multitude of languages, so that people could no longer understand one another. This then resulted in a scattering of mankind over the earth and a decentralisation (and consequent) weakening of the forces, ambitions, and aspirations of evil. To this day, all attempts to create a universal language (Esperanto, for example) have failed. All attempts to deny the integrity and validity of nation states, people groups, diverse cultures, and diverse languages have eventually failed. All fulminations against patriotism, love of people group, tribe, or nation-state have been brought to nothing. No world-empire has succeeded in achieving and maintaining one-world-government.

Hitler boastfully proclaimed a Thousand Year Reich. It lasted twelve years. Those empires that lasted longer ended up collapsing in on themselves by the weight of their own corrupt decadence. In almost all cases it is the diversity of people groups within empires which play a large part in their downfall. Consider, for example, the emasculating effect upon Rome of the marauding barbarian hordes. The Soviet Union dismembered so quickly in the end due to the re-assertion of former sovereign nations and peoples.

The Scripture reflects this biblical view of universal history, when Paul says to the ancient Athenians: “and He made from one every nation of mankind to live on all the face of the earth, having determined their appointed times, and the boundaries of their habitation, that they should seek God, if perhaps they might grope for Him and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us.” (Acts 17: 26,27)

The Tower of Babel and its aftermath provides the template for universal human history. Mankind was scattered around the world, divided, separated, confused, and decentralised. This was a critical divine institution to restrain and govern human sinfulness. It is a wonderful institution of common grace. Those who would want to turn the clock back and rebuild Babel are consequently doomed to fail in the most abject manner.

It is significant that when, in the history of the ancient world, there were four successive universalist empires (Babylonian, Medo-Persian, Greek and Roman) Daniel was given, through Nebuchadnezzar’s dream, the Lord’s commentary upon and interpretation of this stage of history. The dream had one single huge statue, of which the Babylonian Empire represented the head.

It was indeed a universalist empire, as Daniel acknowledged: “You, O king, are the king of kings, to whom the God of heaven has given the kingdom, the power, the strength and the glory; and wherever the sons of men dwell, or the beasts of the field, or the birds of the sky, He has given them into your hand and has caused you to rule over them all.” (Daniel 2:37,38). In Babylon, the Lord had allowed a partial rebuilding of the Tower of Babel. Daniel’s description clearly alludes back to Babel―which, of course, was in the plain of Shinar―the very site of ancient Babylon.

Nebuchadnezzar was Babel redivivus. Three inferior empires follow. The last, the Roman, is an admixture of iron and clay; it will not achieve the strength or intensity of unity represented by Babylon. Rome is forced to revert to post-Babel type: “And as the toes of the feet were partly of iron and partly of pottery, so some of the kingdom will be strong and part of it will be brittle. And in that you saw the iron mixed with common clay, they will combine with one another in the seed of men; but they will not adhere to one another, even as iron does not combine with pottery.” (Daniel 2: 42,43)

In this momentous period of human history, God was demonstrating to all who care to learn, that Babel will not be rebuilt. In the end, even the most powerful empires end up being admixtures of iron and clay; they cannot cohere; they break apart.

But that is not all. At this time in history something truly remarkable and unique occurs. “And in those day of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which will never be destroyed, and that kingdom will not be left for another people; it will crush and put an end to all these kingdoms, but it will itself endure forever.” (Daniel 2:45). In the dream, this kingdom, represented by a stone made without hands, falls upon the iron and clay feet of the statute and crushes the entire statue. The empires became like chaff carried away on the wind. But the stone, the Kingdom set up by God, became a great mountain that filled the whole earth. (Daniel 2:35).

Thus, the Lord has indeed established the one-world-empire. But it is not man made. This universal kingdom shatters and breaks all Babel-like kingdoms and empires. It is a kingdom filling the whole earth, created and governed by His Spirit, transforming men, cultures, governments, and powers from the inside out. But what of the impediment of divided language? It is here that the miracle of Pentecost is so pregnant with biblical meaning.

Gathered together into Jerusalem at Pentecost were people from all over the known world. They were divided by language. As the Spirit fell at Pentecost the apostles miraculously spoke in their languages. Note how the text emphasizes this aspect most carefully:

Now there were Jews living in Jerusalem, devout men, from every nation under heaven. And when this sound occurred, the multitude came together,a nd were bewildered, because they were each one hearing them speak in his own language. And they were amazed and marveled saying, “Why, are not all these who are speaking Galileans? And how is it that we each hear them in our own language to which we were born? Parthians and Medes and Elamites, and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea, and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the districts of Libya around Cyrene, and visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, Cretans and Arabs―we hear them in our own tongues speaking of the mighty deeds of God.” And they continued in amazement and great perplexity, saying to one another, “What does this mean?” (Acts 2: 5―12)

Notice how the text labours the point. Whenever Scripture does this, it intends that we would not miss the significance of what is taking place. It is a loud cry of “pay attention!” At Pentecost, through the miracle of the Holy Spirit falling upon His people, the Lord restored the gift of one language to the human race. But this time, the one language was not mankind united in conspiring to do evil, but it led to the reverse: it led to God’s people using all the diverse languages under heaven to speak the same message, with one accord: a declaration of the mighty deeds of God. Thus―in many languages, there is one common, united message. Babel is reversed. The gift of tongues was really the restoration of one common language, through one united heart, bound in one Spirit to the worship of the true, living God. So, the universal empire that would fill the whole earth had come.

At Babel, one language led to one common purpose to evil. God acted to force many languages, leading to a hopeless diversity of opinions, cultures, and views―thereby restraining evil. At Pentecost, with the inauguration upon earth of the New Kingdom―the true One World Empire―the Spirit miraculously wrought the one common purpose to praise and worship God into human hearts, leading to many languages being used to speak the one message, uniting mankind into one common good.

But this is a divine kingdom, not made or manufactured by human hands. It is wrought by the Spirit. It is completely dependant upon Him and His work. It is His body, the fullness of Him who fills all in all.

>Chn Mind 1.27 Making Sense of the World

>The Myths and Realities of the New World Order

The great majority of people in our world regard the events recorded in the Book of Genesis as mere imaginary stories. They are respectively seen as quaint, primitive, simplistic, naïve, folksy or apodeictic devices to “explain” things. Nevertheless, we are told, they are still relevant and beneficial, because contained in them are motifs and concepts which can be usefully translated into our modern world and can still be relevant today—in the same way that inherited nursery rhymes can still be relevant in a technological world.

There is no doubt that social myths can be powerful, shaping constructs. Superstitions, when dominant, can deeply affect all of life. Consider, for example, the Maori concepts of tapu or makutu which can comprehensively bind the lives of people—and do so to this day. Consider, also, feng sui and how its superstitions to this day effect building and construction practices in China. Broken mirrors, black cats, Friday 13th, and ladders are prosaic western examples. More pervasive in the western world, these days, are powerful social myths regarding the universal efficacy and competence of the state; the redemptive power of education; or the transformative power of democratic systems of government.

These superstitions or myths provide an organising framework for life. They “put things in their place.” They make “sense of the world” for those that believe them. They provide explanations for events and circumstances. But are they true? Aye—there’s the rub. Post-modern rationalist philosophical constructs would argue that it does not matter whether they are true or not. What matters is that they have influence. The verification of the myth is that people believe it, that it makes sense to them; and that it “works” for them. On the other hand, pre-modern rationalists (that is, those who still maintain the naïve rationalism of the Enlightenment, believing that it can find truth objectively by an impartial, neutral, scientific investigation of the “facts”) maintain that it matters a great deal as to whether such myths are true—that is, whether they are congruent with the real world—or the world as it really is.

But post-modern rationalists just smile and point out that “truth as congruence with the real world” is just another framing myth—in this case the myth of pre-moderns.

What is apparent in all these manifestations is that framing concepts are inevitable. You cannot think or exist without them. In order to investigate anything, in order to commence and maintain any human work or enterprise, every human being draws upon some framework or other which defines the world for that person. The post-modernist rationalists are quite right in their debates with the Enlightenment pre-modern rationalists. While the pre-modernists insist upon the objectivity of knowledge they can do so only they have already drawn upon and drawn down a framework in which such “objectivity” is seen as possible.

On the other hand, the pre-modern rationalists have a vital point to make. Any framing concept which does not accord with the world as it really is will, in the end, be harmful and destructive. Feng sui, makutu, and education-as-redeemer are untruths which have a mere semblance of coherence with reality—only insofar as people in general adhere to them. But in the end, either the emperor has clothes on or he does not. Sooner or later the nakedness of the emperor will be exposed.

An irony is that many modern framing concepts are just as superstitious and imaginary as what we now regard as primitive myths. There is little doubt that successive generations will look back on our own day and view the presence of such widespread powerful myths as manifestation of a spirit of crass ignorance and wilful stupidity. Future generations will no doubt shake their heads in disbelief—even as we shake our heads at the medieval notion of a flat earth—at the belief in the omni-competence of the state to remove all sociopathic behviour, at the redemptive power of education, or at the now almost universally believed superstition of demand-rights, or entitlement-rights. They will no doubt view these things as proof of a second Dark Age.

The events recorded in Genesis are not myths in the sense of powerful, shaping, but imaginary stories. They are real-time, powerful, historical events. Nevertheless they also are shaping constructs. They both construct and govern the world as it really is and will be. How can we be confident of this? Surely modern man understands a good deal more about natural laws, the patterns of the creation, and about human beings than the human beings of Noah’s age. We (that is, those who have had their eyes opened) can be very confident because this world is an exhaustively and comprehensively governed world.

The God Who brought to pass the historical events of Noah’s Flood, and Who instituted the covenant with Noah and his descendants, is also the God Who continues to command and control every movement of the smallest sub-atomic particles through to the behaviour of the greatest masses in the universe. All reality conforms to His will and command at all times, in every instance, in every place. He numbers the hairs on every human head. Every sparrow that falls does at His command. The decision of every cast lot is from the Lord.

He superintends and governs human history to ensure that it conforms to the constructs and institutions He set down in the very beginning. Thus the framing concepts for human existence and history revealed in Genesis both stipulate and describe the world as it really has been, is, and will be.

The pre-modern rationalist asserts that pattern and order objectively exist in the world, and that it can be objectively analysed by human reason. He insists on there being a one-to-one correspondence between the rational mind of the human subject and the rational order of the natural object. But he does so superstitiously, without foundation. In fact, worse than that, the pre-modern rationalist also asserts—at the same time—that matter and the universe is ultimately random.

The post-modern rationalist, on the other hand, denies that the world is objectively framed in any sense. He has taken the purported randomness of the world much more seriously. Therefore, truth is simply that which one finds subjectively useful. The discovery of truth is merely a matter of documenting frames of belief and how they function—that is, documenting where their utility lies. But he does so superstitiously, without foundation. In fact, worse than that, in his analysis, description, and documenting of frames he is asserting and drawing upon a wider, deeper frame that pre-supposes that such description and documentation can be universally understood.

If the post-modernist can describe frames of belief in a meaningful way, post-modern rationalism cannot possibly be true. If the pre-modern rationalist actually establishes and proves successfully that pattern and order objectively exist in the world, pre-modern rationalism has to be a load of old cobblers.

Bel bows down. Nebo is stooping. Athens is a wretchedly stupid city.

>ChnMind 1.26 Common Grace and Universal History

>The Perpetual Restraint of Evil

And the Lord smelled the soothing aroma; and the Lord said to Himself, “I will never again curse the ground on account of man, for the intent of man’s heart is evil from his youth; and I will never again destroy every living thing, as I have done.”
Genesis 8:21

In this series of essays, The Christian Mind: Foundations in Genesis we are seeking to document the foundations and structures which control human life and history upon the planet. We are looking at constitutive institutions―that is, those institutions which ineluctably and inevitably shape all of life and existence. Some theologians call these “creation” structures or “creation ordinances”.

If we as Christians are to think properly, to think God’s thoughts after Him, it is vital that we see the world as it really is, not as we would imagine or speculate it to be. This means that we need to ensure that our thinking is framed by the structures of creation itself, and by the institutions which God has appointed to structure all human existence. It also means that we will view the world in a radically different way from Athenian Unbelievers. Since Athenian Unbelievers currently predominate in our culture, what our culture accepts as “normal” and true is likely to be profoundly untrue and abnormal. If Christians uncrtically accept the dominant consensus beliefs of our day they will end up thinking the Devil’s thoughts after him.

The citizen of Jerusalem, then, has a duty self-consciously to sweep out the rubbish and mental detritus that are vestiges of Unbelief, and deliberately replace the furniture of the mind with biblical constructs, principles, truths, and institutions. As citizens of Jerusalem make progress in this housecleaning of the mind they become increasingly useful in God’s service. They also become increasingly powerful and influential in the Creation, since they are increasingly living in the real world—as it really is—not in the false, makebelieve world of Unbelief.

The modern Unbelieving Athenian Mind more or less denies the basic creational institutions are structures at all. All Unbelivers most certainly deny that the creation ordinances were ordained and commanded by the Living God. They may acknowledge the central importance and constitutive character of marriage, for example, for the survival of the species, for the psychological well-being of mankind, or for the foundation of society―but not as an ordinance appointed by God.

Consequently, the Unbelieving Mind has a tendency to view these creation ordinances (when they acknowledge and respect them) as habituated practices, relative to their time and circumstance. From time to time it becomes fashionable within Athens to attempt to do away with them, improve them, declare them obsolete, replace them with “modern, enlightened alternatives” or substitutes. Nevertheless, all such attempts fail; the basic structural realities of creation keep being re-asserted in all societies that continue because God rules the cosmos and the earth, not humanist, unbelieving man.

Evil in the human heart, the perpetual enmity between the seed of the woman and the seed of the serpent, idolatry, marriage, man being in the image of God, the seventh day of rest―all these, and many more, shape, condition, make, and mould human existence through the ages. We have said that one of these creational ordinances was appointed after the Great Flood of Noah. The antediluvian world was one in which sin was not restrained, but was allowed to come to its fullest and most consistent expression. The postdiluvian world is one where God governs the world, so as to restrain sin. This was necessary if the world and human history were to continue.

When we are considering the nature, state and depravity of man, therefore, we need always to keep two realities in mind: that man is evil and utterly depraved in every respect―on the one hand―and God rules over mankind so as to restrain and hold back man’s evil―on the other. It is natural that Athenians would distort these truths, reasoning from the empirical evidence to false, idolatrous conclusions. Seeing the relative good of mankind, from time to time, Athenian mythology proclaims the innate goodness, or the moral perfectability of man. The Unbelieving Mind is driven to this interpretation and conclusion for the opposite―whichis the actual truth―cannot be fitted into the Unbelieving Mind. It could not possibly be true. It is excluded from the outset. If man is the measure of all things―a belief which all Unbelievers cherish ever since the Fall―he must be innately good, by definition, insofar as good has any meaning at all.

However, the Scriptures repeatedly declare another, contrary, true view of man. In the antediluvian world, as it was about to come to an end, God declared that He had seen the wickedness of man; that it was great upon the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of the heart of man was only evil continually. (Genesis 6:5) Note the generic term. God is describing mankind―humanity.

This incessant universal comprehensive wickedness of mankind did not end with the Flood. What ended with the Flood was God’s allowing such comprehensive wickedness to be expressed and institutionalised within human history. Mankind did not somehow become more righteous and less sinful after the Flood. Rather, the Lord explicitly declares that this was not the case. In Genesis 8: 21 He promises that He would never again destroy the whole earth on account of man. Now one might be tempted to draw a conclusion from that declaration that this could only be because mankind somehow underwent a moral transformation as a result of the Great Flood. But not so. God again declares, in the same breath as His declaration that He will not destroy the whole earth again, that the “intent of man’s heart is evil from his youth.”

The recorded history of mankind in Scripture is one of repeated sin and evil―even amongst the redeemed people of God. The Scriptures are relentless, if not ruthless, in recording the sins of the saints―almost matter-of-factly. David declares that sinfulness attended him from the moment of conception: “behold I was brough forth in iniquity and in sin my mother conceived me.” (Psalm 51:5)

Jeremiah declares that the human heart is deceitful above all things and desperately wicked (Jeremiah 17:10). Psalm 14 pronounces that the sons of men (note the universality of the phrase) have all turned aside; there is no-one who does good, not even one. Paul takes up this text in his description of the universal degradation and evil of the entire race: “both Jews and Greeks are all under sin. There is none righteous, not even one; there is none who understands; there is none who seeks for God. All have turned aside. Together they have become useless. There is none who does good. There is not even one.” (Romans 3: 9―18)

Why then does evil not fill the earth, as it did before the Flood? Because God restrains it, preventing man from maturing in evil, preventing man from being consistently true to his nature. This divine ordinance of restraining evil theologians call Common Grace, or Creation Grace, or Restraining Grace. It is a complex, mulit-faceted astounding work of God that goes on all the time. It means that the wicked are made to serve God, despite themselves.

In some forms, Common Grace punishes the wicked through the judgments of the civil magistrate upon criminals, thereby restraining wickedness. In other forms, it allows the wicked to reap the fruit of their wickedness so that they lose cultural power and influence over themselves, others and the creation. So the drug addict destroys his own life. The self-absorbed abort their own children, or choose to stay childless, cutting off their lines of descent, thereby dying out. The wicked flee when no-one pursues, says the Proverb, and consequently many Athenian Unbelievers are imprisoned and emasculated by one phobia or another.

Moreover, the dissolute wealthy are reduced to poverty and, thereby, cultural weakness. Yet again, the Unbelieving world is currently fixated with a cult of victimhood—which serves to ennervate and weaken and emasculate Unbelieving culture. In addition, when envy stalks a culture, becoming regnant within it, men become afraid to excel, fearing the rejection and hostility that will result.

The cult of Feminism has radically reduced the cultural influence and power of Unbelieving women. It has also feminised Unbelieving men, leading to their cultural emasculation as well. Modern theories of education—which have drawn upon a radically unbiblical world view—result in the institutionalised transmission of ignorance, leading to growing illiteracy and innumeracy. Cultural ennervation is the outcome. Terribly fashionable “rights-based” ideologies such as multi-culturalism lead to a dissolution of common beliefs, a loss of social coherence, and fragmentation—which, in turn, causes a culture to whither or even die out.

These cultural patterns of reaping the consequences of sinful living are not universally true―there are always exceptions. They are not universally true, because the Lord has decreed that His hand will be held back in final judgment, so that His purposes in human history can be realised and the glory of His Son can be manifested throughout all nations. Nevertheless they are true often enough to restrain and debilitate the influence of evil. The book of Proverbs provides repeated examples of how Common Grace eviscerates wickedness by causing it to reap its own fruit.

In the meantime, the wicked are so restrained in the expression of their sinfulness that they are made to serve God in being fruitful and multiplying and filling the earth. They hunger, and so work and struggle to get food. They suffer loneliness and thus long for a life-mate and are restless until they find one. They shiver in the cold, and so labour to get wealth to protect themselves.

Basic instinctual drives are maintained by the Lord such that the Unbeliever still cares for his children, still loves his extended family, still respects his lords and governors to a degree, still has an affection for mankind in general. Not always. Not universally―but enough to ensure that the world does not destroy itself, and mankind continues to work at subduing the creation. These things are vestiges, remnants of a long-ago first parent; they are echoes of the Garden of Eden. They are not consistent with the true spiritual state of all men―which is to be enslaved to evil all the day. But the Lord keeps them within mankind, in his instincts, hungers, drives, and longings in such a way that sin is restrained and prevented from taking over everything.

Common grace makes universal history possible. It allows the world to continue, without end. It sustains the phenomenon of cause and effect. It helps gives all human history a universal meaning.

Without this wonderful work of God, sin would surely triumph. Hell would come upon earth. Or if it does, for a time, it integrates into the void, destroys itself, and life begins again. The Soviet Union under Stalin, Pol Pot, the unrestrained warlordism of Iraq or Darfur—these provide glimpses of what the world would become if the Lord were to remove His restraining hand.

The institution of Common Grace teaches us that man is not as wicked as he would be, if the Lord did not stretch forth His hand to restrain evil in his heart. The second implication is that Athenian culture is a paper tiger. Jerusalem is far more powerful and will eventually triumph over Athens. That City is always feeding upon itself, gnawing on its own bones, practising self-immolation, and engaged in acts of auto-cannibalism. Jerusalem, however, is fed by living waters and its fruit does not fail.

This certainty of triumph does not lead Jerusalem to engage in crass jingoism, however. For Jerusalem knows to the very core of her being that she exists solely by the grace and mercy of the Lord. When Jerusalem looks at Athens, engaged in its self-destructive immolation, she involuntarily cries out: “There, but for the grace of God, go I. Once I was blind, but now I have been made to see. Once I walked in those wretched streets, but now God has made me to dwell in a fair and pleasant land.” And her heart breaks with compassion for the lost in that wretched city.

>ChnMind 1.25 Noah and the Restraint of Evil

>The Permanent Legacy of Noah

Forever after God’s people have referred back to this awe-inspiring event of the Great Flood. As we contemplate this terrible event, we understand that the continuation of the creation, of history, of mankind upon the earth is only by God’s grace and patience. The sun shines today, only by God’s mercy. Rain falls to replenish the earth by His lovingkindness. Ever since Noah we have learnt that God is to be feared and loved and respected, and that our lives are surrounded by God’s love, mercy, and faithfulness from the time we first draw breath. “Let all living creatures praise the Lord!”

The Flood came as wickedness reached its apotheosis. In the period from the Fall to the Flood―which represents roughly 1500 years―God allowed wickedness to mature and flourish, such that at the end of the period, “God saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.” (Genesis 6:5). This was deliberately done.

The point is to let all mankind foreverafter know what happens when sinful human being are left to their own devices, to work out the principles of evil that lurks in every heart. So great was the poisonous flowering of evil that the world could not continue. It had to be cleansed. This in turn led the Lord to bring a universal world-wide judgement upon mankind. We read: “I will blot out man whom I have created from the face of the land, from man to animals to creeping things and to birds of the sky; for I am sorry that I have made them.” (Genesis 6:7)

Why and how did wickedness flourish? The strong implication of the text is that the period from the Fall to the Flood was a libertarian’s “paradise”: there was no authority, no government, no restraints of any kind. Every man did what was right in his own eyes. There were no institutions, for example, to punish Cain for murdering his brother. Without divinely instituted restraints the true nature of man showed forth: evil matured, and became “grown up”, as it were. Lawlessness, murder, pillage―centering around the possession of women―dominated. (Genesis 4:18―24; Genesis 6: 1―4) It became the kind of world that represented our worst nightmares―society at its most lawless, murderous and degraded.

Every so often history provides a glimpse into what it must have been like. Martin Amis, writing of the horrors of the Stalinist era in his book Koba the Dread, describes how Stalin arranged for the torment of his victims. Herding his victims into prison camps, having extracted confessions out of them by torture, he set criminal gangs into the gulags and allowed the gangs to torture, maim, torment and destroy the other prisoners. We suspect that such extreme evil gives a glimpse into the world of man before the Great Flood.

This period of history, its fruit, and its culminating universal judgment, stands as a backdrop to the subsequent establishment of civil government as an institution of punishment for extreme wickedness and a restraint upon evil. Civil government, regardless of its constant shortcomings and failings, works to prevent the need for univeral judgment, prior to the Final Advent of our Lord. Civil government helps ensure the continuation of the world.

After the Flood, history began again. So, what now would be different? Genesis 8:20―22 tell us that God declares He will never deploy a universal judgment so extreme that it involves cursing the entirety of the created world. However, this is not due to man’s heart being changed. He still remains intent on evil from his youth. So, if there will never again be a universal judgment, it implies that sin is going to be restrained.

What, then, will stop the recrudescence and triumph of universal evil such that a universal world-wide judgment is required? God mandated and commanded the lawful shedding of blood as punishment for murder: “And surely I will require your lifeblood; from every beast I will require it. And from every man, from every man’s brother I will require the life of man. Whoever sheds man’s blood, by man his blood shall be shed, for in the image of God He made man.” (Genesis 9:5―7) God institutes His ministry of capital punishment upon murderers―for murderers have sought to strike down the very image of God by taking the life of another human being.

The State punishing murders with execution (and by implication and extension, punishing all lesser crimes with appropriate punishment) has been given by God, not only to execute justice, but to prevent the kind of monstrous flowering of gratuitous evil which led to the Flood. Thus the magistrate is declared to be the Minister of God for the punishment of evil doing. (Romans 13: 1―7) After Noah, judgment was to be particular, not universal. This institution is one of the key, if not the key, ways God prevents evil from triumphing in the earth.

As well as the restraining effect of the civil magistrate and the death penalty upon murder, God uses additional means to prevent the world devolving into universal unrestrained wickedness. He brings localised judgments (Sodom and Gomorrah) as well as wars, diseases, famine, pestilence―all mediated through the cause and effect of human actions―to punish and restrain sin, preventing it from gaining ascendancy and dominance.

For example, one modern economist has argued that the drop in the violent crime rate in the United States has as its primary cause the legalisation of abortion in Roe vs Wade. This particular evil has resulted in many children, which would otherwise have been born into evil and degraded households, and which would have headed straight into the criminal underworld, drugs, and the gangs, being aborted. If true, this is serves as an example of how the Lord uses social causes and effects to restrain and wither evil. Sin now tends to destroy itself and kill itself off.

A second and major theme of the revelation concerning Noah is God’s grace before and in judgment. We notice in Genesis 6 that despite the fact that God had announced His judgment upon all mankind, He gave them more time. He determined that He would strive with man for another 120 years―which is the time it took for Noah to build the Ark. This is a startling example of God’s longsuffering and patience towards sinners.

The manner in which He strove with men was to send a preacher of righteousness, Noah, amongst them. According to I Peter 3: 18-20, Christ by His Spirit, in the person of Noah, went and preached to that evil generation of mankind. This preaching continued throughout the 120 years of the Ark’s preparation. The building of the Ark was itself a visible sermon to the world of the coming judgement of God. Noah’s building of the Ark according to God’s direction and instruction was a graphic way of confronting his generation with the judgement to come: the rejection of God’s prophet during this 120 years sealed the condemnation of the world (Heb. 11:7).

A third theme of divine government of human history established ever since the time of Noah is the continuity of the world. The natural order will be maintained; natural law will continue to exist; the seasons will cycle. (Genesis 8:22) The rainbow was placed in the sky as a perpetual sign of God’s promise to this day. This is why Jerusalem refuses to get caught up in the apocalyptic catastrophism which racks the modern world (atomic annihilation, mutual assured destruction, the poisoning of the planet, global warming catastrophies, global pandemics). This firm and confident faith of Jerusalem is expressed in one of her most ancient hymns, the Gloria Patrie:

Glory be to the Father
And to the Son
And to the Holy Ghost.
As it was in the beginning
Is now and ever shall be
World without end
Amen, Amen.

Jerusalem believes and knows that Jesus was resurrected from the dead and has commenced the work of the recreation of the world, which involves changing men’s hearts from the inside out. As a result all the nations are going to be discipled and the creation itself is to be regenerated―but this is happening from within human history.

Now it is true that not a few in Jerusalem have faltered at this point, and have sucuumbed to a kind of “Christian” global catastrophism. They see evil getting stronger, the kingdom of God fading and a great apocalyptic battle―which they call the Battle of Armageddon―to end all things. They have failed to reckon with the covenant God made with Noah, and with the ascension and investiture of our Lord. But these folk, sadly, have listened more to Athens than to Jerusalem and they have drunk deeply at the wells of cynical unbelieving pessimism. They have come to read their Bibles through the glasses of modern Athenian newspapers. But, in time, these little ones will grow up. They will turn back again to the Scriptures and will lay aside their newspapers.

A fourth legacy of Noah is that he represents a new beginning, a new Genesis. God re-institutes the Cultural Mandate. God commanded once again, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth.” (Genesis 9:1) One can imagine that Noah and his family would have been quite dispirited and overwhelmed at having to begin again. Nevertheless the commands of God do not change. Regardless of what localised judgments we have to go through―poverty, famine, degradation, wars―God’s people must always begin again.

Jerusalem is the City whose Spirit cannot be broken. Jerusalem never stops. Tyrants have arisen which have sought to wipe Jerusalem off the pages of history (Haaman, Antiochus Epiphanes, Mao Tse Tung, Stalin, Honecker,) but it is they who have been wiped out―Ozymandius’s all―and Jerusalem flowers again. It starts again. It comes back. Why? It cannot do anything else. It is constrained to begin again and come back. The Spirit of God won’t let any other outcome eventuate. This is why Jerusalem will eventually fill the earth and Athens will die out. All enemies are being progressively placed under the feet of the King of all kings.

A fifth element of the revelation of Noah is its prophetic significance. In God’s determination to punish mankind for their great sinfulness, God provides for us a picture of His wrath and judgement to come. All judgements in history (Sodom, Jerusalem etc) are aftershocks of this great judgement. But the judgment of Noah serves as a small precursor to the great Final Judgment when all men of all time, and all demonic heavenly powers will be thrown into the Lake of Fire in one great universal, final judgment.

Notice how Jesus deliberately refers back to Noah when He was warning our fathers of the soon-to-come destruction of Jerusalem. “But as the days of Noah were, so shall the coming of the Son of Man be . . .” (Matthew 24: 36-42)

The destruction of the world the day that Noah entered the Ark becomes the picture of how it was just prior to the destruction of Jerusalem in AD70. People were eating, drinking, marrying―they were insensible to their spiritual dangers. They were dead to God. They ignored His about-to-fall wrath. They had not listened to one-greater-than Noah who had preached amongst them and warned them to flee from the wrath to come. They were totally absorbed in their life and its natural processes. But suddenly they were swept away to judgment. Two were ploughing in the field; one was taken.

Peter, likewise, writing to the Hebrew Christians, warning them of the coming judgment upon the Israel of his generation, refers his readers back to the days of Noah and God’s destruction of mankind (I Peter 2:5). He warned that it was going to be exactly as it was in the days of Noah. People would be mocking the warning of coming judgment. “Nothing ever changes. Our fathers were not judged, so why should we worry?” (II Peter 3:4)

Just as people in Noah’s time forgot that the whole world was established and sustained by the Word of God, and that by that same Word it was swept away in the time of Noah, so our fathers in Peter’s day had chosen not to remember and heed.

Note that Peter changes the image of destruction from flood to fire. Jerusalem, and particularly the Temple, was razed to the ground with a terrible fire in AD 70, as God’s judgment fell upon apostate Israel.

The destruction of Jerusalem ended the age of the Old Covenant. It was an aftershock of the judgment that fell upon Noah’s generation. But both judgments are also prophetic of the great judgement yet to come upon all mankind. (Matthew 25:30-46) But because of God’s covenant with Noah, that judgment will not result in the destruction of the creation, but in its cleansing—even as the Great Flood cleansed the world.

The curse of sin upon the saints and the creation in general will be removed. (Romans 8: 19-23). This will occur at the Final Advent of our Lord (I Thess. 4:15-18). It will be the final outworking of the covenant made with our father, Noah. When Noah sacrificed to the Lord, He said to himself: “I will never again curse the ground on account of man, for the intent of man’s heart is evil from his youth. And I will never again destroy every living thing as I have done.” (Genesis 8:21,22)

There is a wonderful promise implicit in these words. If God promises never again to destroy every living thing, it implies that He would work throughout history, from the time of Noah to this day, to restrain the sin of mankind.

It also implies that God would extend His hand of grace and mercy to mankind to save mankind. In other words, the unfolding of human history would be the unfolding of His grace so that in time to come, His grace would extend to every corner of the earth and every nation will be discipled unto Jesus, our Lord. And so it is coming to pass.

As the scripture gradually opens out God’s purposes they reveal that God’s grace is extending over the whole earth and that all peoples and nations will come and worship the Lord.

The floodgates of God’s mercy were opened after the resurrection when our Lord commanded that the Gospel be preached to all nations and that all nations would be discipled unto Him. (Matt. 28:18―20.) Thus we come to see that mercy triumphs over judgment and that God takes no pleasure in the death of the wicked.

>ChnMind 1.24 Living in the Shadow of the Great Flood

>The Real Significance of Noah

Much modern interest in Noah and the Noahic flood has centred around the historicity of the event. Did it really occur? is the question. This has been a rather tedious and pointless pre-occupation. Insofar as the discussion has been within Jerusalem, the historicity of the Great Flood has never been questioned. Of course Noah and the Flood were real, historical, space-time events. They were so real that if you had have been there, you could have plucked a whisker from Noah’s beard, and you could have rubbed your hand along the planking of the ark and received a splinter for your troubles and got your hand coated in pitch to boot.

Jerusalem, then, has been more focused upon finding corroborating evidence for a world-wide deluge which catastrophically reshaped the world, and probably the heavens as well. There is an abundance of such evidence to be found. But, within Jerusalem, the evidence corroborates, it does not prove or establish the truth of Scripture. Such is the true spiritual condition of the Believing Mind, which has come to accept that the Living God is the determiner and reference point of all truth.

But where the discussion has occurred within Athens, the historicity of the Great Flood has never been accepted—and never will be. It is excluded from the outset as being possible. Athens insists upon uniformitarianism—by which is meant that the world as it is now is the way it has always been. The search for origins and the study of beginnings must involve no more than a projection of the current knowledge of the world back in time. Even the theory of the “Big Bang”—a pathetic refuge for those who cannot find answers to the origin of the universe—has been developed on the basis of this backward looking ratiocination, moving from the present, reasoning backwards from effect to cause, assuming that the present represents comprehensive and uniform causality from the past.

This is a deeply religious position, and is pretty much universally held in Athens. The Unbelieving Mind of Athens is militantly closed to the possibility of the existence of the Living God; it cannot approach these matters with reasonableness or impartiality, for Athens stubbornly and inveterately assumes the Unbelieving Mind as the ultimate reality in the universe. It refuses to discuss anything with anyone—least of all with a Believer—unless the terms of discussion from the outset presuppose the Unbelieving Mind as the determiner of all truth. So, the Great Flood to the Unbelieving Mind is no more than a childish myth believed by the feeble-minded.

Thus, where the discussion about the historicity of the Great Flood has been intra Jerusalem and Athens it has been an utter and complete waste of time and effort. You simply do not cast pearls before swine. At Contra Celsum we are not interested in debating the historicity of Noah and the Great Flood with Athens. That debate is an Athenian device which requires that God and all His truth be subjected to, and authenticated by, the mind of Unbelieving Man. Which would be to say―it were clearly not true from the outset. We are simply not interested in defending the historicity of Noah and the Great Flood to Unbelievers using their methods and authorities which presuppose that it cannot possibly be true.

As a result of Jerusalem mistakenly wanting to “prove” to Athens that the Great Flood was an historical event, the real and substantial significance of Noah’s Flood for the entire world has been generally lost or occluded.

But let us be clear–because Athenians are slow learners–we are not saying, as do so many false citizens of Jerusalem—fellow travellers who are wolves in sheep’s clothing—that the biblical account of Noah and the Great Flood is symbolic and mythical; that it was never intended to be understood as an historical event, and that its real significance lies in the meanings and interpretations of the myths.

We most certainly assert the historicity of the Ark and the Flood. It is clearly literally and historically true because God tells us of the event and God does not lie. If God were not true, then nothing at all would have meaning. Clearly meaning does exist―we are presupposing the case as we write and you read―in which case we have already presupposed the existence and veracity of the Living God. God establishes our minds; our minds do not establish and authenticate God.

So, laying aside the sophisms and mental parlour tricks of Athens, let us return to the significance of the Flood.

God’s salvation of Noah and His subsequent covenant with Noah and his family is one of the most important passages of the Bible. The covenant God made with Noah still binds God to this day. In it we see something wonderful about God’s faithfulness to Himself, to His creation and to us.

We learn about God’s patience with sinners. We learn about judgment. We learn about God’s sovereign grace to sinners. We learn about God’s mercy in sending His servants to preach His Word that man may turn from his evil ways and live. We see God’s slowness to anger. We see His commitment to the world He has made, His love of the creation, and His faithfulness to it, despite the despoiling work of sinful men. We see how God’s covenant and plan of redemption extends to all of creation. We also learn about baptism for the first time.

All of these truths are repeated and expanded upon throughout Scripture. But we see them all displayed in “seed” form in this amazing period of Noah.

In this part of the Bible, the Lord gives us an overture to the entire epic and drama of redemption. Just as the composer of a great operatic score will use the overture to introduce all the themes of the great work that will follow, so Noah and God’s dealings with him and his family is an overture to everything that has happened since―and will happen in the future. The essence of these realities is found in God making a covenant with Noah. This is the first time in Scripture we read explicitly of God entering into a covenant with His people.

As someone once said, a covenant is a binding obligation by God to be and act in a certain way towards His people. His people are therefore obligated to respond and act in a certain way toward Him. As the Westminster Confession of Faith has it:

The distance between God and the creature is so great, that although reasonable creatures do owe obedience unto Him as their Creator, yet the could never have any fruition of Him as their blessedness and reward, but by some voluntary condescension on God’s part, which He has been pleased to express by way of a covenant.
Westminster Confession of Faith, Chapter 7:1

God’s covenants with man represent a wonderful condescension on the part of God to us. Amongst many other things, the successive covenants of God—all of which are part of one abiding covenant of grace—represent God’s giving to us a heavenly lever which we can use to call upon God to be and act a certain way toward us. “Lord, even as You have said, and covenanted, now we plead with you to act . . .”

In the terms of this great covenant with Noah (sometimes called the Noahic Covenant) we now stand. God still conditions and shapes His dealings with us and with our world in terms of this covenant. While the covenant was actually made with Noah and his family, we are heirs of it and it binds God to His people today―that is, to Jerusalem, the heavenly city. It binds God to act in certain defined ways toward His people. The rest of Scripture, from Noah onward, is the story of how God has kept Noah’s covenant with us.

The world and all human experience was fundamentally altered at the Great Flood. Herein lies its significance to us. As we develop our views about the world and the course of mankind upon the earth, as we begin to add more furniture into the Christian Mind, we must ever do so through the filter and prism of Noah and the Great Flood.

>ChnMind 1.23 History as Perpetual War and Certain Defeat

>Two Human Races and Ne’er The Twain Shall Meet

And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed; he shall bruise you on the head, and you shall bruise him on the heel.
Genesis 3:15.

The history of the world is the history of two human races; everything else is a postscript. This reality is yet again a constitutive shaping element that governs human affairs and influences all lives.

Our text tells us strikingly that there are two seeds, two human lines, two lineages. One is named by God as the seed of the serpent. It does not take much thought to identify to who or to what is being referred. Since, by their works you shall know them, we can be sure that the seed of the serpent are those members of humanity that walk in the ways of the serpent in Eden―and therefore in the ways of the one who animated and inspired the serpent―the Devil himself.

The existence of a human race that has the Devil as its father is confirmed by our Lord when He was confronting the unbelieving Jews. A key issue in the interchange was progeny and lineage―and Jesus said to them: “You are of your father the Devil and you want to do the desires of your father. He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. Whenever he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own nature, for he is a liar, and the father of lies.” (John 8:44) These people were definitively categorised by our Lord as being the seed of the serpent. And what was their chief characteristic? They did not believe the Christ (verse 45), which is to say they did not believe in God and therefore they had adopted the world-view and beliefs of the Devil.

Lineage is proven by whom you follow, by whose footsteps in which you walk.

The other human race is identified as being the seed of the woman―“her seed” (Genesis 3: 15). This human race walks after the footsteps of Adam and Eve, not in their sin and unbelief, but who walk after God with the clothing with which He provides (Genesis 3: 21)―as Adam and Eve walked for the rest of their lives. They walked in Belief, not Unbelief. They were of the city of God, not the city of fallen man. There is no other alternative. There is no middle way. There is no amalgm between the two. There are only two human races. You are either of the seed of the serpent or of the woman.

So, two human races. The first believes God, turns to Him, seeks to obey Him and honour Him. The second denies God and seeks to ignore and therefore eradicate Him from their lives. Furthermore, God stipulates how these two seeds or races would relate to each other. He said to the serpent: “I will put enmity between you and the woman . . .” The two seeds, while both human, are to be like oil and water―there will always be enmity between them. It is put there by God. It is inevitable and inerradicable. It will lead to mortal conflict―such that the seed of the serpent will be destroyed―fatally wounded by a blow to the head―while the seed of the woman would be struck, but not fatally―that is, bruised on the heel. (Genesis 3:15).

But, and here is an absolutely vital point, the aggression that expresses the enmity comes from the seed of the serpent to the seed of the woman. It is the Mind of Unbelief which over and over again cannot tolerate the Believing Mind and which seeks to destroy it―particularly by force. The evidence for this came very early into human history. Of Adam’s two sons, it was Cain that rose up and killed Abel. Cain was an Unbeliever, an idolater who thought of God as a god, an idol, to be bought off and manipulated with his sacrifices. He found Abel’s true faith so offensive that his anger raged against his brother and he murdered him. In Cain’s unbelieving world view he thought that Abel had been beaten him in the contest of manipulating god, and that to kill him would remove a rival, a competitor, leaving his manipulations standing upon the field of conflict. His god would then have no other choice but to approve him.

The archetype of the way of the enmity between the two seeds is shown by how the seed of the serpent treated the Son of God. They hated Him and killed Him. Consider carefully our Lord’s characterisation of this: “If the world hates you, you know that it has hated Me before it hated you. If you were of the world, the world would love its own; but because you are not of the world, but I chose you out of the world, therefore the world hates you.” (John 15: 18,19) Notice the reverbrations right back to Cain. Because I chose you, therefore the world hates you. They see you as competitors in the struggle to manipulate their god.

He explains further why they hated Him: “if I had not come and spoken to them, they would not have sin, but now they have no excuse for their sin . . . . If I had not done among them the works which no one else did, they would not have sin; but now they have both seen and hated me and My Father as well.” (John 15: 22,24) Cain hated Abel because his brother’s actions and life showed up his own failings and sin, his idolatry and unbelief in the true God. The Jewish leaders hated Jesus because His actions and words exposed their sin for what it was and left them without excuse. Hating the message, they sought to kill the messenger.

The seed of the woman maintains the enmity in a qualitatively different, non-aggressive manner. Firstly, the Believer stands as God’s servant, walking in His commandments and ways. Therefore, he rejects the advice, counsel, and lifestyles of the Unbeliever. He will not do as they do. But, secondly, and at the same time, he lives and manifests an open invitation to all to leave their unbelief and come to God that they too may be blessed and saved. This enrages the Unbeliever for in their world-view success and acceptance is a matter of manipulation of the gods and of the gods approving or endorsing those who have manipulated them successfully. In this warped world of deceit, the invitation from Christians to come to God is heard by Unbelievers as an invitation to give up and concede failure and defeat in the competition to manipulate the gods. Therefore they hate both the invitation and the one who extends it.

All Unbelieving or Athenian cultures have a view of history. Most often their views will turn around strife or conflict of some sort. History is the account of struggle between reason and superstition (read, rationalism versus religion), materialism versus idealism, capital versus labour, empires versus nations, democracy versus monarchy, white versus non-white, etc. In the end, however, all these poles of conflict will be seen as nothing more than footnotes and distractions.

The abiding and perpetual conflict of history is the struggle between Jerusalem and Athens, between the seed of the woman and the seed of the serpent, between Belief and Unbelief. This struggle is perpetual, unceasing, inevitable, and unavoidable. Friendship with the world is enmity towards God, declares James. (James 4:4) This is the great antithesis, for which there is no synthesis, no resolving dialectic. The enmity abides because God insists upon it; therefore, men cannot extinguish it.

But at leaset two biblical qualifications need to be added to this perspective of continual conflict. Firstly, the perpetual enmity of which we speak does not imply two equal opposing forces engaged in an unending war of mutually assured destructive attrition. While the enmity does not cease, victory is assured and certain for the seed of the woman, for the forces of Belief, for Jerusalem. The seed of the woman will crush the head of the seed of the serpent. This we know for certain, not just because of the utterance of Almighty God in the Garden, but also because of the decisive victory of the Son of God over sin on the Cross and His rising again from the dead. The unwinding of sin and the complete re-creation of the world without sin is now irrevocable and inevitable. The One who holds all authority in heaven and upon earth is making it so.

Secondly, the ranks of Jerusalem are being constantly swelled as people come over from Unbelief to Belief. These are people who were once in the ranks of the enemy, but who defect from Athens and are welcomed with rejoicing at the gates of the Great City. They have come to consider that any hardship with the people of God is vastly preferable to the luxuries and splendours and honours of Egypt.

But the question is begged—how does such a defection, such a change occur, amidst conditions of such abiding enmity? How does one come to love what he once hated and despised? There are two aspects to this: a divine component and a human component. Somewhere along the line the former Athenian heard an invitation from God to come out from the City of Unbelief. The Spirit of God sealed this invitation to the heart and mind in such a way that the individual knew that it was indeed God speaking to him, and he believed.

The human component is represented in this: the Divine invitation to repent and believe was mediated through Jerusalem and her citizens. It came through people. Thus we learn that there are people whose instinctual and natural enmity towards God’s people is being subdued and quelled by God to the point where not only do they interact with God’s people socially and without hostility, but they also are prepared to listen to and regard what they say. Most often it is these people whose steps are already leading them out of the dessicated dust bowl of Athens towards the rivers of life flowing in Jerusalem.

This salvation dynamic has been laid down from the very beginning. When God made a covenant with Abraham that separated him from his idol worshipping family, He declared that He would bless Abraham—but not only him and his family. We read: “And I will bless those who bless you, and the one who curses you I will curse.” (Genesis 12:3) When people from Athens lay aside their enmity towards God’s people and seek to do good to them, to bless them, within that matrix the blessing of God flows to them and salvation comes.

So, in seeking to do good to all men, the Church opens wide the doors of the Great City. Many will respond, seeking to bless in return. In this way they are ready and open to hear the gracious invitation of the Son of God, issued by His people: “Come unto me all ye that labour and are heavy laden. I will give you rest. He who comes to me, I will never cast out.”

While there are two human races and ne’er the twain shall meet, day by day, week by week, month by month thousands upon thousands are making their way out of the City of Death and are coming as refugees to Jerusalem. There is great joy, in both heaven and upon earth at their coming. Thanks be to God.

>ChnMind 1.22 "Oh my god!": A Modern Profession of Faith

>The Ubiquity of Idolatry

When Alexander the Great tore into Asia Minor in 334BC, then through the Middle East and Egypt, and then on into Asia he saw himself and his army as a liberating force. He was the avatar of Greek culture, with a mission to bring enlightenment to the world. Alexander, having been tutored by Aristotle, had a lively interest in empirical research, investigation, study, and knowledge. He saw himself as a semi-divine force to bring the liberation of knowledge to a benighted, superstitious, and ignorant world. Hellenism was literally on the march and its mission was to save the world.

His lesser successors continued this imperialistic foray―an endeavour which was largely successful, insofar as hellenic culture and the hellenic world view became dominant throughout the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Greek rationalism and Aristotelian empiricism was cool.

Given this vast and comprehensive cultural and religious influence, it is somewhat surprising to read that when the Apostle Paul travelled to Athens around 300 years later the thing that struck him was not the sculpture, the art, the architecture, nor the schools of philosophy, science and medicine, but the idolatry. The city was full of idols. (Acts 17: 16) It was very similar to present day countries still under the influence of Hinduism―different deities, same concepts.

When he was invited to speak in the Areopagus, Paul lampooned the stupidity and ignorance of the Athenians. He sarcastically said that he could clearly see that they were thoroughly religious. Amongst the multitudinous objects of worship he had even discovered an altar “To An Unknown God.” The Athenians had gone so far in their superstitions that they had decided to worship ignorance. What they were devoting themselves to in ignorance, he would declare to them. Now that was truly something that would have wound up the arrogant, intellectualist Athenians.

But how could this be? How could the enlightened Greeks have become so superstitious and ignorant that they splattered the city with idols literally at every turn? After all, Athens was one of the great centres of hellenic culture and learning. Surely, one would have expected instead monuments to Reason, or the Empirical Method, or to Socratic Inquiry.

Well, think of it this way. Ancient Athens was simply more overt, transparent, and honest than modern Athens. It turns out that if you are not a citizen of Jerusalem, idolatry is the “name of the game.” Idolatry is the act or mindset that gives ultimate loyalty, authority, and devotion to something in the creation, rather than to the Creator. Once again, Paul nails the point as he describes and characterises the Unbelieving Mind:

For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth in unrighteousness, because that which is know about God is evident within them; for God made it evident to them.

For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has ben made, so that they are without excuse.

For even though they knew God, they did not honour Him as God, or give thanks; but they became futile in their speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened.
Professing to be wise, they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible man and of birds and four footed animals and crawling creatures.

Romans 1: 18―23

If you don’t worship and serve the Living God, you therefore worship and serve the creature―either an actual being (man or animal) or some aspect of the created world. The ancient Athenians were simply more honest than their modern successors―they made this reality overt, and set up idols and altars at every street corner.

Yet, this is a bit embarrassing―because it is so obviously superstitious nonsense. The old prophets of Jerusalem, inspired by God’s Spirit, used to have a field day ridiculing the abject stupidity of idolatry and idolaters. They described a man going off into the woods, finding a tree, cutting it down, and bringing home the trunk. Half he cut up and put in the fire to warm his house and cook his supper. The other half he carefully carved and chiseled into the image of an idol. Then he bowed down and worshipped what he had made, and says, “Deliver me, for thou art my god”. (Isaiah 44: 12―17) Can you conceive of anything more dumb or stupid. The very crassness of it makes it offensive to any right-thinking person.

Nevertheless, and this is the point, the ancient Athenians were simply making outward what they had conceived inwardly. In their hearts they were worshippers of both creatures and the creation. They could see no contradition between extolling the virtues of autonomous rationalism, on the one hand, and bowing down to an image, on the other―and they were right. In principle there is no contradiction. The ancient Athenians were simply more transparent and honest than their modern descendants.

Under the influence of the Enlightenment actually physically bowing down to an image―or to anything for that matter―came to be seen as primitive and embarrassing. The Enlightenment philosophes spent much of their lives decrying and ridiculing religion—particularly as they found it within Roman Catholicism. For them religion was superstition and foolish ignorance. They had plenty of evidence to which they could point. So, having spent most of their professional careers extolling rationalism and empiricism and decrying religion, they could hardly tolerate an outward display of their own religion using the media of idols before which they would literally bow down.

But the Enlightenment was not only deeply religious, it was also profoundly superstitious. Ultimate truth was what the mind of man determined for itself―all Athenians have been agreed on that, ever since the Fall in Eden. However, in an attempt to obscure both its religion and superstition, the Enlightenment ended up extolling and reverencing abstractions and ideals. In its self-vaunted “more enlightened age”, it ended up extolling reason, rationality, evidence, inquiry, knowledge, and learning―and laid aside externalising its abstractions into personified forms and worshipping them. So, in modern Athens—which is the direct descendant of the Enlightenment—the Unbelieving Mind has changed the mode of idolatry, but kept its essence.

The gods now worshipped and revered, honoured and respected, according to current Athenian fashion are abstract ideas (love, justice, reason, truth, empiricism, materialism, dialectical materialism, scientific determinism, historicism), or vague magical superstitious constructs (life force, being itself, spirit, the god within). While not currently fashionable to make images representing these notions, the reverence and respect is as deep and pervasive as ever. An aspect of the creation is stylised, absolutised, and then, in heart and mind, reverenced. Meanwhile the superstition of ancient Athens is also everywhere in modern Athens. “Good luck” charms abound; astrological fortune telling is printed in daily newspapers and broadcast on national radio; when in trouble everyone cries out to a god of whom they are totally ignorant and at most times could not care less about—but they keep the god lurking in the background, “just in case”; Maori animistic rituals calling upon the spirits and the gods are employed officially at virtually every function of state; and everyday speech is riddled with blasphemous and superstitious expressions such as the ubiquitous “Oh, my god.” Which god exactly? It doesn’t matter, for in Athens there is only one god at the end of the day.

Many within the halls of Jerusalem today find the numerous passages in the Scripture condemning idolatry somewhat old fashioned, if not downright antiquarian. This is because, unless one lives in a Hindu culture, physical idols to which acts of devotion are performed are simply not seen as obviously in modern secular Athenian culture. But they are there. The idols remain everywhere, on every hand. Paul tells us, idolatry is every act of transferring the honour due to God alone to any part of the creation. The fact that it is an intangible concept does not make it any less an act of idolatry or of superstition. Idolatry remains on every street corner in modern Athens, because it is regnant in every Unbelieving heart.

All idolatry has one thing in common: it always arises out of the devices and imaginations of the Unbelieving Mind—which presupposes itself to be the ultimate authority. Therefore, in the end all idolatry is an act and attitude of worshipping and serving Man.

>ChnMind 1.21 There’s Poison in the Well

>The Pathology of the Unbelieving Mind

Then the Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth, and that every intent of the toughts of his heart was only evil continually.
Genesis 6:5

The fool has said in his heart, “There is no God”.
They are corrupt, they have committed abominable deeds;
There is no-one who does good.
The Lord looked down from heaven upon the sons of men,
To see if there are any who understand
Who seek after God.
They have all turned aside; together they have become corrupt;
There is no-one who does good, not even one.
Psalm 14: 1—3

In these series of studies on The Christian Mind: Foundations in Genesis we are seeking to understand the basic structures and orientations of the Christian Mind, as well as something of the fundamental conceptual furniture of that Mind. We need to do this because we have a duty to “take every thought captive to the obedience of Christ.” (II Corinthians 10:5) A second reason is that if we Christians do not self-consciously root out the ideas and concepts of Unbelief within ourselves―ideas which are sinfully natural to us―we will end up continuing to be guided by the principles of Unbelief, and consequently do harm and damage to God’s Kingdom.

One of the mental components furnishing God’s House is believing in the God Who created all things of nothing in the space of six days and all very good. Another item of mental furniture is to understand that man’s uniqueness amongst all creatures is his being in the image of God. These basic elements provide the fundamental principles and truths within which the Believing Mind operates. They, also, are elements which are fundamentally and infallibly true.

Prior to Adam’s sin the basic structures and orientations of his mind were completely aligned to God and His truth. Adam’s mind naturally thought and operated consistently with God and in perfect harmony with the good world He had created. As we say in modern parlance, Adam was mentally “in the zone”.

With the Fall, Adam’s mind was radically changed to a mind of Unbelief. Now, he naturally and instinctively thought in unbelieving terms, in opposition to God, and, consequently, in a mode of lying and self-deceit. He had taken off the crystal clear, pure glasses of Creation and had put on a new set of glasses which coloured and tinted everything he saw, thought, and did. We see clear evidence of this in the text (Genesis 3: 7―13) immediately after Adam’s sin:

1. Adam and Eve were conscious of shame (verses 7 & 10); the furniture of their minds and hearts had altered radically, such that they knew that things were fundamentally wrong.

2. They instinctively sought to hide their shame from themselves and one another (verse 7). This is the first act of denial of the truth within the human race—it occurred instantaneously and immediately after the Fall. It has governed and ruled fallen (non-redeemed) humanity ever since. From this point on a willing conspiracy to deny the truth has dominated the Unbelieving Mind. It was already walking after its new father—the Father of Lies.

3. They sought to hide from God (verse 8). Already they were naturally and instinctively thinking of God as a god, not the Living True Omniscient God before Whom all things like bare and exposed and nothing can ever be hidden. Adam would not have so distorted and misconstrued the truth prior to the Fall.

4. Adam now naturally and instinctively sought to elide away from responsibility for his actions, and pass accountability and responsibility on to his wife: “the woman Thou gavest to be with me, she gave me from the tree, and I ate.” (verse 12) But even more sinister was the implication that it was God’s fault―after all, it was God who had provided the woman as Adam’s companion. Adam’s thought patterns had now completely reinterpreted the world and its data according to the principles of unbelief and sin. He had a new set of “shades” with which he was interpreting all reality.

5. Eve shows that she too had undergone a fundamental mind shift: she also seeks to elide away from responsibility and blame the serpent: “the serpent deceived me and I ate.” (verse 13)

Adam and Eve were clearly the same creatures, but fundamentally altered. They were radically different from the creatures they were a few short hours previously. The difference shows up in their minds! How they thought about God, the world, and themselves in relation to one another and to God and the rest of the creation had radically changed.

The Bible makes clear that all mankind inherits from Adam an Unbelieving Mind. The basic furniture and contitutive frame of the mind of every man, woman, and child (apart from the One) when they come into the world is blighted with sin and unbelief. It is not a whole mind, but a pathogenic mind of lies and errors, instinctively thinking of God and everything else sinfully, deceitfully, and wrongly. That which is instinctive and natural to that mind is wrong. The curse of sin falls upon the mind insofar as it falls upon man in the totality of his being. Theologians call this the noetic effects of sin, from the Greek, “nous” meaning mind.

This truth, so clearly revealed in Genesis and elsewhere repeatedly in Scripture, is of such vital importance that it is hard to overstate it. The times when Jerusalem has neglected to face up to it has led it into all kinds of error, idolatry and sin. In the history of Jerusalem there have been traditions—which exist to this day—that have sought to argue that the mind of man escaped the influence of Adam’s sin, so that it was possible for fallen man to think truthfully and correctly and rightly about the world and about God. These traditions have caused much harm and damage in the Holy City. They must be exposed and rejected wherever found, for they set the mind of man up as an authority over God and His holy Word. They insinuate filthy idols into God’s City.

As a result of sin, the following features characterise the way all human minds think, apart from the regenerating grace of the Holy Spirit, when a man is born again from above and becomes a new creation:

1. Man is the ultimate authority in the universe. We call this doctrine humanism―the ultimacy of man.

2. Man’s mind can determine truth for itself. We call this doctrine rationalism―the supposed ability not just to discover, but actually to establish truth by means of rational processes, where the human mind determines truth for itself, without prior submission to God.

3. Reality is not pre-interpreted. It is objective and independent. The data of the universe will provide the furniture and truth for man. Knowledge, meaning and interpretation is intrinsic to the universe; it does not come from outside the universe.

4. The human mind is not pre-conditioned in any way, but is a blank slate, open and neutral towards the objective data of the universe.

5. If any god or “higher power” does exist it does so only in frame consistent with the four fundamental principles above: that is, gods may exist, but only as determined, verified, authenticated, and established by man. All gods thus ultimately exist only by the good pleasure of man.

6. The God of the Bible is excluded from the bounds of possibility from the outset, since His existence would make a nonsense of the five fundamental principles above.

These six principles represent the fundamental doctrines of Unbelief. These six principles represent the fundamental constitution of Athens. These six principles all hang together and they represent the indelible frame of all human minds and souls―apart from the regenerating grace of God. These are the presuppositions of unbelief. They cannot be argued for or established by reasoning or evidence or argument without presupposing them as you commence. In other words, they must be assumed to be true even to argue for them or try to justify them.

All unbelieving thought is circular, and turns upon man, the creature. Consequently, the circle of all unbelieving thought operates in a vicious and destructive way, and is at root fundamentally contradictory, irrational and foolish. It is the fool, after all, who says in his heart that God does not exist.

What do we mean when we say that irrationality and foolishness are bound up in the heart of Unbelief? Well, consider some of the internal contradictions that rack the idolatry of Unbelief―and this is but a sample:

1. The Unbelieving Mind presupposes the objectivity of reality―the objective existence of the facts―which means that the Unbelieving Mind imposes objectivity on the universe as a pre-condition for human thought. But if the universe and the facts were truly objective nothing could ever be asserted about them in advance. Even the presupposition of the objectivity of the facts is a denial of the possibility of objectivity. But if nothing can be asserted about anything in advance, it is impossible and contradictory to assert their objectivity in the first place. It is both stupid and meaningless self-contradiction. Rather, if the universe were finally objective, it would be impossible to assert it to be the case. If it can be asserted, it cannot possibly be true.

2. The Unbelieving mind presupposes that the mind of man can discover and establish the truth of all things, and therefore there is no ultimate conditioning Being. Yet if the universe is not conditioned, it can only ultimately be random. Consequently, the world must be ultimately unknowable. A non-conditioned―a non-ruled universe―is a universe which cannot possibly be described, studied, researched or known. All appearances of regularity and order are just that: appearances which cannot possibly be true. They are a cosmic joke. Truth, verities and certainties are therefore impossible. Rationalism can only exist by trading on a universe it must also assert is ultimately irrational and unknowable. That is why the Bible declares unbelief to be foolishness at root.

3. If the mind of man is truly a blank slate, without any pre-conditioning, the mere assertion of that doctrine to self or another in a same breath equally asserts that my mind maintains a continuous conceptual frame that is common to all. Or still further, the concept of a universal tabula rasa (blank slate) mind is a contradiction in terms for that condition in itself represents a universal character, a mental pre-conditioning. But you cannot hold both to universal mental pre-conditioning, on the one hand, and assert no conditioning on the other. It is an irrational contradiction in terms. Once again, if you assert that man has no mental pre-conditioning, but that his mind is autonomous, neutral, and detatched, by that very proposition you deny that it can possibly be true.

We could go on, but these examples serve to illustrate that the Unbelieving Mind is only evil in its operation, self-deceitful in its mode, and self-contradictory and destructive in its procession. This is what the Bible means when it says that the Unbeliever suppresses the truth in unrighteousness and prefers the lie (Romans 1: 18―25). This, indeed, is the pathology of the Unbelieving Mind.

If we go back to the six fundamental propositions of the Unbelieving Mind, we can only conclude that by those propositions the Unbeliever evidences infallibly his bias, his conditioning, and the glasses which colour everything he thinks, says and does.

The citizens of Jerusalem used to live, move, and have their being in exactly the same frame. But, by God’s grace they were transformed. They were born again from above. They were given a new heart and a new mind, so that for the first time they could think truthfully and in principle according to the way that Adam was able to think before the Fall.

But the citizen of Jerusalem is also conscious that many of the old habits of thought still remain, and old habits die hard. Therefore, Christians, when they realise that sin has noetic effects, that sin corrupts the mind, come to be self-conscious and highly self-critical of their innate and natural conceptions. They don’t trust themselves. They feel the need―correctly so―to take nothing for granted, but test everything by the Word of God. As this process takes place, they progressively cast down every empty speculation and lofty thing raised up against the knowledge of God, and learn to take every thought captive to the obedience of Christ (II Corinthians 10: 5).

Between the Unbelieving and the Believing Mind is a great gulf. They have nothing in common in principle. They operate with irreconcilable world views. The Unbelieving Mind has a pathology of sin which asserts from the very outset its independence of God, which is also to assert in the same breath, that God does not, and cannot exist. For if God be true, then it is impossible that any mind, or atom, could be independent of Him. The Unbelieving Mind can no more comprehend the God of the Scriptures than it can deny itself. It is conditioned by Adam’s sin to unbelief. It is dead in its trespasses and sins.

But, the pathology of the Unbelieving Mind goes deeper. Not only must it hold its independence amidst a sea of internal self-contradiction and irrationality, the Unbelieving Mind depends upon, draws upon the truth of God and His world in order to assert its unbelief. It presupposes order, structure, rationality, truth etc―it presupposes God and His creation of the universe in order to deny Him and His creation of the universe. It presupposes universal truth, in order to assert that universal truth does not exist. It presupposes the pre-interpretation and pre-conditioning of all reality when it asserts that all reality is objective and carries truth in itself.

It presupposes the non-randomness of the world, in order to assert the ultimacy of chance. But is also presupposes the ultimacy of chance in order to assert that the man is not pre-conditioned and that he can discover meaning and truth for himself. It presupposes that there is a correspondence between the mind of man and the external world, yet at the same time, denies that such things could ever possibly be proven or established.

These characteristics of all Unbelieving Minds makes the Unbelieving Mind not just wrong or mistaken, but wicked. This is what the Bible means when it declares that the unbeliever suppresses the truth in unrighteousness (Romans 1: 18).

This is why Jerusalem and Athens are engaged in an irreconcilable conflict. The Unbeliever is dead in his trespasses and sins. His mind is corrupted. Like Adam and Eve after the Fall his enmity toward God means that he can see and reason only in ways which deny the possibility of God existing in the first place. Just as Adam in his deadness could only think of God after the Fall as if He were a god―and that change was both radical and swift―so all his descendants can only proceed on sinful lines with respect to God. The very action of claiming or asserting or proceeding as if one were independent of God means that they must recraft and reinterpret God to be a mere idol.

Thus, when the Unbelieving Mind uses the three letter word “god” both the connotation and denotation of that word is not what the Bible reveals concerning the true and living God. Accordingly Believers and Unbelievers have no common ground to engage in debates and discussions about God. If we stand on the ground of the Unbelieving Mind to discuss God, we have already agreed with the Unbeliever that the God of scripture does not exist, and there are only a god—which is to say, there are gods. (A finite, limited god must contend with what limits it—which means that whatever limits it is equally entitled to be regarded as a god.) But, on the other hand, the Unbeliever will not, and cannot, stand on Jerusalem’s ground when he discusses God. The pathology of his mind, his spiritual deadness, prevents it.

Our task as citizens of Jerusalem is not to seek to serve God by lies. We must not deny God, and agree with Unbelievers that we will only discuss gods, when we are speaking with them. We must always be faithful to the truth.

Must we ever then, Believer and Unbeliever, pass like ships in the night? No. For despite the deadness of the Unbeliever, the God revealed in Scripture is true. He alone makes meaning possible. The very fact of being able to think and communicate meaningfully about anything is an infallible ineradicable testimony to the Living God. Therefore, no man, woman, or child is beyond His reach. Every man, woman, and child already knows deep down, truly, that the God of Scripture is true and that they are lying to themselves. But there is no blindness so dark that He cannot remove. As we call all men to come, God is able to bring life, so that the deadness of heart ceases, and that no longer suppresses the truth about God. God is able to change the mind of dead Unbelief to one of Belief. He is able to remove and heal the pathology of the Unbelieving Mind―so that the new citizen of Jerusalem is able to declare, “Once I was blind, but now I see.”

God is able. But will He? Emphatically, yes. He has sent His Son into the world and raised Him from the dead that He might be made Lord of both the living and the dead―so that all creatures might be taught to walk in His commandments. (Matthew 28: 18―20) To God alone be the glory.

>ChnMind 1.21 Is that a Gigantic Weasel Up There?

>Theistic Evolution and the Grim Reaper

In our post-Christian world the antithesis between Belief and Unbelief is becoming sharper as the generations pass. Nowhere is this more evident than in the conflict between Biblical Creation and Evolution.

The Christian Mind rests confidently upon the revelation in Genesis of God “creating all things of nothing, in the space of six days, and all very good” (Westminster Shorter Catechism). But in the academies, streets, media, and belief environment of Athens the Unbelieving Mind asserts that the world came into being by chance through a self-developmental process that has taken billions and billions of years. The sheer dominance of theory of Evolution—its endlessly repeated reiteration—has given it the patina of credibility and veracity.

So dominant is Evolutionism within Athens that to cavil is to lose all credibility immediately and be instantly regarded as a total fool. In Athens, to question Evolutionism is equivalent to believing that the moon is made of green cheese. Sure, people do actually believe the moon and cheese myth, but they are nuts. People who believe in Biblical Creation are likewise nuts.

Faced with this universal and implacable rejection of Biblical Creation within Athenian streets some citizens of Jerusalem have lost courage. Firstly, they are uncomfortable with the disrespect and scorn heaped upon Jerusalem, and want to protect the honour of Jerusalem’s Lord and defend the dignity of its people. Secondly, they think it is vital to credibility that one be seen to be rational and to have evidence for belief—otherwise, how can the charge that Christians are naïve, credulous, and foolish be counteracted. In a rationalistic world, to be charged with irrationalism or stupidity is equivalent to being charged with blasphemy.

So, regretably, some within Jerusalem have sought to gain a hearing and respect for the Holy City within the academies of Athens by seeking to reconcile the revelation of Genesis with the prevailing doctrines and “evidences” of Evolutionism. But they have only proved to be an embarrassment. They have adulated an emperor who has no clothes. (Actually, that fable is particularly apt to this discussion. The whole nation, you remember, willed itself to believe in the emperor’s marvellous set of new clothes, creating all sorts of self and mutually reinforcing mechanisms to persuade everyone of the “facts” until the little boy spoke up. In the case of Biblical Creation versus Evolutionism, Athens has its emperor and fawning credulites, while Jerusalem its little boy.)

Evolutionism was spawned in the womb of the Enlightenment, which declared that to all intents and purposes Nature was god, and god was Nature. Life existed because Nature brought it into being. But how? Well . . . now, there was a plan. A plan so clever you could stick a tail on it and call it a weasel.

Over the top of a universe of absolute brute chaos, let’s imagine a few laws to “make things work.” “Survival of the fittest” sounds like a handy suggestion. Then let’s add a sort of vague notion that things ineluctably move from the simple to the complex―sort of by a magic cosmic force. Hey presto, before you know it, “scientists” all over the world were discovering “evidence” for this actually happening. Then, let’s carefully hide in the bottom drawer our starting assumptions, which are a bit embarrassing after all. Let’s just talk about the evidence and the facts.

So the theory was proved, so to speak. It had facts on its side! Soon Evolutionism became the new orthodoxy. Sitting on the throne of academic respectability was a gigantic weasel. It took three hundred years to enthrone the weasel, but it got there in the end.

The Enlightenment had effectively replaced the Christian faith by a new religion. Evolutionism does not just have religious implications. It is inescapably a religion in its own right, a cosmogony.

The Christian response has been―by and large―pathetic. There are reasons for this, historical reasons, theological reasons. Lord willing we will deal with these reasons in future posts when we come to tear apart the Enlightenment and expose its poisonous roots, which, it turns out, had been carefully nurtured in the bosom of the Church for over one thousand years before the Enlightenment. This, it will transpire, is the real Da Vinci code conspiracy! But for the most part the sterling response of many in Jerusalem has resembled not a bang, but a whimper when it comes to confronting Evolutionism. The Holy City has not been well served by her citizens in this regard.

There have been many who have sought to deal with Evolutionism by attempting to make room for it within the Christian faith. In following this course they had noble lineage. Had not Kant boasted that he would reconcile rationalism with faith? So, like Kant, there have been many in Jerusalem who have adopted the mindset of Eve in her sin―which is where rationalism began in the first place. It was in the Garden of Eden that the mind of man was elevated to a status equal in authority to God.

Just as Eve conducted some independent empirical research upon the Tree of Life and drew her own conclusions based on the discovered “facts”, so many Christians still harbour vestiges of mental idolatry in their hearts. For them, they agree with the Serpent and Eve that the facts are the facts are the facts. The facts speak louder to us than the Scriptures. They are more authoritative than the Bible. With great sadness, and not a little anger, we have to acknowledge the idolatry of the Enlightenment is alive and well in Jerusalem.

So, there have been many erstwhile Jerusalemites who have thought that if the Bible teaches that God made the entire universe in six days, and if the Bible stresses the twenty-four hour nature of the period by encapsulating each day in the coda, “it was morning and it was evening, the xth day” to convey the literal twenty-four hour period of time―then either the Bible must be wrong or it must be glossed to mean something entirely different. It must be glossed to fit the “facts.” In each of those “days” in Genesis we are now advised to see the passage of millions and millions and millions of years.

Why do they need to wrest the Bible this way? Well, they feel the need to acknowledge the speculations presented as facts by the Evolutionists. Otherwise Christian may be construed as foolish and mindless by unbelivers. So, we will tip the hat to the Athenian pagans, and we will call ourselves theistic evolutionists. We will “make room” for those millions of years demanded by Evolutionism―the theory requires the passage of billions and billions of years; “evidence” being then spun up to fit the theory―and we will posit God, or more accurately, a god superintending the processes of survival of the fittest, and every other patterned order which Evolutionism requires to make any sense at all. Then, we will read this back into Genesis. We will call our position “Theistic Evolution” and, then, like Kant, we will have saved reason and made room for faith. We will even give it additional fancy names―like “Intelligent Design”―to make us feel better.

In fact, Theistic Evolution, like Kant, does not save reason and make room for faith: destroys both reason and faith.

The plain and obvious meaning of the text in Genesis 1 is that of six literal twenty-four hour days. This perspective is reinforced by many other Scriptural evidences, such as references to the seven days in the Fourth Commandment, and references to the government of the sun and the moon over the passage and sequence of time in Genesis. Moreover, from a theological perspective the theory of Theistic Evolution is a nonsense. Why? Theistic Evolution―which is really another variant of the intellectual idol of Evolutionism―requires that death existed in the world long before the entrance of sin.

Evolutionism, including its Theistic variant, postulates death as an intrinsic and necessary part of the evolutionary process. Evolution does not work without death. The fittest survive; the less fit, . . . well, die. However, the Bible declares, “The soul that sins, it shall die.” (Ezekiel 18:4). Moreover, the wages of sin are death. (Romans 6:23). And again, “wherefore as through one man sin entered the world and death through sin . . .” (Romans 5:12).

It is clear that death did not exist in the Creation prior to Adam’s fall. Death is the punishment for one reality, and a consequence of one reality, and one reality only―sin.

Theistic evolution says, “Well, no. The Bible is in error here. Death existed prior to sin―has always existed in the creation or natural order. Our theory of Theistic Evolution requires the perpetual and abiding reality of death in all life forms if it is to make any sense, and what the Bible says about it be damned.” So, Theistic Evolutionism destroys the undoubted Christian faith by being forced to hold, either to death not being the juridical punishment for sin, or to a world where sin is instrinsic to Nature and to God’s creation of an evil world.

Theistic Evolutionism is an Athenian idol. Against it stands the invincible rock of the Word of the Living God. Against that Rock, Theistic Evolutionism has been, and will be, shattered―a fate which all those who cling to such idols also risk. To all those in Jerusalem who, still thinking like Eve, try to make the Bible fit to their so-called independent empirical analyses, who have created a most disgusting Athenian idolatry in the fantasy of Theistic Evolutionism―to all those we say, “Stop stroking and kissing the weasel.”

>ChnMind 1.20 The Meaning of Death

>Death Comes to All Men
Benjamin Franklin once opined that the only two certanties in life are death and taxes. But the question is begged, Why death? Why does death exist in the first place?
After all, scientists have concluded that there is no intrisinc physiological reason why men grow old and die. There is no physiological reason why a human being does not regenerate cells for ever.
In the mind of Athens, death tends to be regarded as just part of the natural cycle of life. It must always be written in lower case. Its sheer universality or ubiquitousness encourages the Unbelieving Mind to think of death that way―which is the point Franklin was making. But the understanding and interpretation of death captures and reflects one’s understanding of life, of being, and of existence. Explore one’s view of death and you will come face to face with one’s world-view, or religion. Consequently, Athens has a theology of death which exhibits its understanding of life. Jerusalem also has a (very different) theology of death which reflects God’s pre-interpreting revelation of absolute truth and, therefore, of life as it really is. Whatever your understanding of death is, it will tell you whether you are a citizen of Jerusalem or Athens.
In developing a Christian Mind we must think carefully the thoughts of God after Him with respect to Death. We must also cast off any remaining vestiges of Athenian miscontruction and misunderstanding of it.
Genesis is very clear. Death is a juridical punishment for sin (which, as we have noted earlier, is the “want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the Law of God.”) In Genesis 2:17 God says to Adam: “. . . but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat from it you shall surely die.” Death, then, is the consequence of disobedience to God’s commands and directions. When Eve was debating with the serpent, the issue of death was raised again. Eve correctly stated that God had said that if they ate from the one tree, they would die. The serpent, however, flatly denied that eating the tree would result in that juridical punishment: “You surely shall not die,” he said. (Genesis 3:4,5)
Here lies the first clash of arms between the beliefs of Athens and Jerusalem: for Athens, death is never juridical; for Jerusalem, death is always juridical; it is always connected with punishment.
As soon as Adam and Eve ate, the judicial sentence fell. Man entered into a state of Death. The first and immediate consequence was shame. The second was an urgent need to be covered and protected from an external threat. The third was that they hid from God and did not want to be in His presence. (Genesis 3:6―8). But the sentence was progressively worked out upon Adam and Eve throughout their lives, leading finally to their actual physical death when their bodies returned to the dust when they came.
The death of the body, the cessation of bodily function, is the final end to life upon earth―but after the Fall one’s entire life existed and exists as under the sentence of Death, which is progressively worked out and which progressively falls through all one’s days upon earth. We are born to die. We are born condemned and in the state of judicial punishment. As the Westminster Shorter Catechism so aptly expresses it:
“All mankind by their fall lost communion with God, are under His wrath and curse, and so made liable to all miseries in this life, to death itself and to the pains of hell forever.” (Question 19: “What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?”
The first thing to understand about Death, then, is that it is the judicial punishment of Adam and Eve by the Judge of the heavens and the earth for their sin. That punishment and its consequence was progressively exacted over their entire lifetimes upon earth. This makes clear that Death was not, and never has been, natural. The ubiquity of Death has been used within the corridors of Athens as an evidential argument for it being a natural part of life—part of the natural order, as is breathing oxygen, conception, birth, or the existence of the sun, as it were. But God declares that Death is not part of the natural order at all. The only reason Death came to Adam was as a punishment for his sin.
The second aspect is to understand that Adam’s sin was not a private individual act. It was a public act, a federal act, in which all humanity was deemed by God to have so acted. The entire race, all of humanity, descending from Adam was caught up and captured in this one crucial act of disobedience. The juridical sentence for that one act of disobedience fell upon all mankind, for all were judged and accounted guilty in Adam.
So, again, the Westminster Shorter Catechism: “The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity; all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, in his first transgression.” (Question 16: “Did all mankind fall in Adam’s first transgression?”). You may ask, Where does the text say that? Where does the Bible assert that Adam’s sin was a public act and the guilt of that sin fell upon all humanity descending from him? Well, it doesn’t—at least not in Genesis. The reason, of course, is the self-evident existence of Death, its ubiquity, its comprehensive coverage of every creature upon the earth. Genesis does not state it because natural revelation, the universal experience of man—being born to die—made the point evidently clear. After all, name one human being who has not died, or who will not die. Franklin was right—at least with respect to death. Yet death was not part of the original created order. Death was the punishment for Adam’s sin. Death, then, being not part of the original Creation which was declared by God to be good, but being the punishment for sin, since all men die, we conclude that all men have sinned.
Later, however, the matter was made explicit in the Bible, yet in a manner which underscores the self-evidence of our relationship to Adam, that he represented us and the guilt of his sin is imputed to every human being (apart from the Lord Jesus Christ—but that’s another story.) Paul argues this almost dismissively, almost in passing—underscoring the self-evident nature of the case. “Therefore, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men, because all sinned . . . . Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the likeness of Adam’s offense, who is a type of Him who was to come.” (Romans 5: 12,14)
The guilt of Adam’s sin being put to every human being is demonstrated beyond doubt insofar as those human beings, who have never sinned pesonally, are yet subject to Death, sin’s penalty. They die! They fall under the juridical sentence of sin. Paul refers to this, when he observes that “even those who had not sinned in the likeness of Adam’s offense” are subject to the reign of Death. Miscarraiges, which Paul alludes to here, are a constant human reality, are the “living proof” that from conception onward, even before a person has done anything sinful by their own thoughts, words, and actions, we bear the guilt of Adam’s sin, and its punishment—death. As the Holy Spirit speaking through David said, we are conceived in sin. (Psalm 51:5)
The Believing Mind, then, has a very different view of Death from that which prevails within Athens. In Jerusalem, Death is viewed with horror, as something terribly unnatural, as wrong—despite its universality and ubiquity. Death is a judgement. Its attendant horror and sense of wrongness is inextricably related to it being a judgement and punishment for evil. Our evil. My evil. Thus, in Jerusalem, Death is an enemy. It is my enemy because I have been at enmity with God. I have broken his Law. I reached forth in Adam and ate from the forbidden tree. I have followed it up with a lifetime of disobedience and sinful words, thoughts and deeds. Therefore, I am subject to Death. It is a punishment for sin.
But this great enemy has been and will be defeated because Christ, the Second Adam, has come forth into human history to make atonement for my sin—not only for Adam’s sin imputed to me in the first place, but for all sins of which I am guilty by my own device. This is as certain as the reality of sin itself. Therefore, in Christ, the juridical nature of death remains, but is deflected to Christ. The concept of Death as horrible remains, buts its horror is concentrated upon Christ’s death in my place on Calvary, where I have already juridically died in punishment for my sin. Therefore, since Christ rose from Death, my own (physical) death when it comes will have utterly lost its sting. As in Christ I died at Calvary, so in Christ I have risen and will rise. In Christ Death died.
Thus, Jerusalem knows that there are two kinds of death amongst humanity: the juridical and the non-juridical. When the citizens of Athens die, it is indeed Death—the juridical punishment of God upon the sinner because of his guilt. When the citizens of Jerusalem die, all juridical aspects have been removed, such that, in due time, physical death itself will be removed in the resurrection to come.
Within Athens there is an utter confusion of babbling voices over Death and its significance. In the first place, it must always be written in lower case. There are those who tell themselves that the dying loved one has gone to a “better place”. They want to ascribe some sort of immortality to the soul, which, having shuffled off its mortal coil, is set freed from this valley of toil and trouble. Other Atheniens fix onto some elements of the Christian Gospel and imagine that the dead has gone to be with a god. Still others imagine that the dead have become gods in their own right. Others tell themselves that there is nothing after death. There is only material reality. Death is the end. So they seek to recount in memory the person and deeds as a way of “keeping them alive” for the living. Others hope that the dead will come back again, in and endless cycle of existence. They will reappear in some other life form or as another human being.
However, amidst this babble of voices there are two doctrines common to all Athenian mythology concerning death: firstly, all Athenians insist that death is neither significant nor important; secondly, all Athens insists that whatever else it may be, death most certainly is not a sentence of judgement upon the sinner. Search all the annals of Athens. You will certainly not find anywhere the doctrine that death is a judgement of the Living God upon sin. You will struggle to find even a hint that death has anything to do with sin or wrongdoing or punishment of any kind at all. That is definitely inconceivable and unspeakable in the streets and drawing rooms of Athens. It is what Athens would call blasphemy.
These two “infallible” doctrines of Athens are, of course, related. In the Garden the serpent emphatically insisted that were Adam and Eve to eat of the fruit they would most certainly not die. The juridical punishment would not fall because there was nothing morally wrong with eating the fruit in the first place. There was a deeper morality, a higher ethic above and beyond God upon which Adam and Eve could rely and draw. God was “in fact” no more than a god, hissed the serpent.
When Death did fall the serpent had to modify the story. The serpent insisted that actually he was right all along. Although Death did come to Adam and his descendants, it was, and is not, a punishment for them doing anything wrong. The serpent’s purported higher magic is still valid, he claimed It is just that death is unimportant and irrelevant. It is all part of life, part of being a god unto oneself.
All in Athens are under the thrall of the Devil. They are his seed and children (as we shall see, shortly in Genesis). When it comes to the meaning and significance of Death, they, like their father, follow the original lie utered to Adam and Eve. Death is not a punishment. Death is unimportant. It is simply natural. It is the way things ought to be.
In Athens, Death must always be written in lower case.

>ChnMind 1.19 The Entrance of Unbelief into Human History

>A Snake in the Grass

A mind operating “independently” of God. Musings presuming to operate outside God’s pre-interpreting Word. To mankind now, this is “deja-vu all over again”, to quote Yogi Berra. Thinking neutrally, or in a way that presupposes from the outset that God and His Word is external to, and outside of me, is Athens stock-in-trade―now. It happens everywhere, on every hand, in every place. But universality is not an evidence of truth―regardless of how “natural” it may seem.
In Genesis 3, we are confronted with evil. Sin―which is “every want of conformity unto, or transgression of the Law of God”―(Westminster Shorter Catechism, Question 15) enters into the world and human history. How it enters is most critical, most instructive. Mind and thought preceeded action. Before disobedience of God acted, it thought. In Genesis 3 we are confronted, for the first time, with the Unbelieving Mind―a Mind which is now both universal and “normal.” So universal is Unbelief that it has become normative. To recover the Christian Mind, we have to lay aside thought frames and patterns that have become normative―the lie―and return to the original―the truth.
The serpent comes to Adam and Eve as a creature―one of the creatures created on the sixth day. While the text is not explicit, subsequent scriptural revelation confirms that the serpent was animated by Satan, a created heavenly being who, shortly after his creation, had rebelled against God. Satan comes to enlist man, the one creature made in God’s image, to his ranks. But Satan is incredibly clever. He does not come directly, but obliquely. He chooses the most subtle or clever animal as his emissary. His sole objective is to encourage the man to think “for himself” outside of God, as if he were an independent being. Therefore, the temptation comes “from below” which plays to Adam through the position of authority which Adam held.
How often we have seen this satanic and demonic pattern repeated. Satan will ever take our strengths, play to them, magnify them, exalt them―until they pervert us and lead us into evil.
If Satan had come to Adam in all his malignant demonic power and confronted him as an enemy, demanding his fealty, Adam would immediately have sought security in God. Instead he comes obliquely, indirectly, and seeks to insinuate himself subtly into the mind of man. Adam’s defences were down. So the serpent speaks, not directly to Adam, but indirectly. He speaks to Eve.
We can assume that Adam knew that the serpent was acting beyond his created abilities and that he was being animated by another, external being. The assumption rests upon Adam’s already demonstrated and confirmed ability to discern the true nature of all the creatures on the earth, and name them accordingly. Further, the text confirms that Adam was present throughout the interchange. Adam was “with her” when Eve took the fruit and ate (Genesis 3:6).
In order to enter into this interchange, Adam had to tolerate a perversion of the structures and order of creation itself. Both Adam and Eve had to allow themselves to be led by an animal. Adam relinquished his God-given duty to exercise dominion and rule over all other creatures upon earth. Secondly, Adam allowed himself to be led by his wife. Tolerating and acting within this perverted order was already to be outside the pre-interpreting Word of God. At the very commencement of the interchange with the serpent, Adam was thinking sinfully.
The serpent leads the woman and the man to a position where they are exercising judgement over God’s Word. God had commanded that, whereas they could eat freely from every tree in the garden, there was one from which they were not to eat―the one designated the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. (Genesis 2:17). Firstly, the serpent asserts a rule that is more restricting than God’s command and attributes the more restrictive rule to God. “Has God really said you should not eat from any tree in the garden?” Satan has always delighted to entice God’s people to add to God’s Word―to make its commands more high, more restrictive, more exacting than God has actually commanded―because that very action makes man the lawgiver, the lawmaker, and implicitly over God. Man’s word is thereby more important than God’s and carries higher authority. The generation that sets itself up to be stricter than God’s Word will be followed by a generation that denies the authority of God and His Word totally.
Next the serpent openly denies the truth of God’s Word: “you shall not die!” (Genesis 3:4) God is lying. Neither God nor His Word is true. As Adam and Eve entertained that hypothesis as a possibility, they sinned in their mind, in their thoughts. But to strengthen the proposition, the serpent attributed a motive of envy to God. His explanation as to why God might lie and deceive the woman lay in God’s envy of man. In other words, God did not have Adam’s best interests at heart. The fallacy of attacking the “man” not the proposition was present right from the first entrance of evil into the world. He also appealed to human pride: if they ate, they would be divine, equal with God. They would know good and evil for themselves. They would be able to determine their own law, independently of, and equal to, God.
Here, then, is the essence of sin and evil. Man, the creature, arrogates to himself the position (the “right”) to work things out for himself, independently of God. Neutrality towards God is actually a position of enmity toward, or rejection of, God. The Unbelieving Mind―for by the stage Eve had gone over to the Dark Side―began to consider two conflicting propositions: either God was true or the serpent was true. Mmm. Let me see now, which is right? That frame of mind is the mind of Unbelief. It is the very essence of Athens. It is when Athens first appeared in human history.
Then Eve engaged in a bit of neutral empirical research. She “saw” that the tree was good for food. That is, she formed the view, contrary to God’s command. Her empirical research led her to the conclusion that the tree was a delight to the eyes―it was indeed beautiful. She had forgotten that beauty is in the eye of the beholder and that by now her eye was well and truly corrupted. She was no longer seeing things as they were, but was seeing things as she wanted them or constructed to be. Similarly, the tree would make her wise. All of that empirical research on the tree was not neutral; it was informed by and animated by a growing rebellion against God.
So she and Adam ate.
Rationalism and humanism began in the Garden of Eden. Rationalism is the belief that human reason is sovereign over life. By means of reason, man can discover and determine truth for himself. Man can determine truth independently of God. Man can determine God’s existence, God’s commands on his own authority. Man can verify the Word of God. This belief isas innate to fallen man now, and as unconscious to mankind, as breathing. It only changes when someone is born again from above, by God. When we are born again, when we are subsequently converted from unbelief to belief in God and His Christ, then we are able to stop being rationalists. In principle we move back to the position of Adam before God, before the Fall. We are able, once again, to think God’s thoughts after Him. We are able, once again, to see the world truly and truthfully―as it really is. We are able to see and know the world as pre-interpreted by God and His Word.
Humanism is the belief that the ultimate being in the universe is man. Man is the measure and standard of all things. Man is god. All citizens of Athens, all unbelievers, are both rationalists and humanists―regardless of whatever denominational stripe they may adopt. Of course, rationalism and humanism are in themselves idolatries, and, like any and every idolatry, will be ultimately destroyed. Pity the unbeliever who clings to his idols.
But―and here is where Jerusalem needs to grow up―the currency of the realm of rationalism and humanism is neutrality. Athens both presupposes and asserts that data and truth have an objective reality―a meaning that is of itself and from within itself. When Eve conducted her empirical investigation on the tree, deciding that it was desireable and so forth, she was framing reality according to her (already) sinful mind. But the assumption, the presupposition upon which she proceeded was that these supposed characteristics of the tree existed independently of God and had reality apart from God. She could investigate, learn, prove, and conclude these things whether God existed or not. (Which is to say that Eve had already decided that God did not exist. She was already replacing Him mentally with a false god―one who was envious and evil.) Man, likewise independent of, neutral toward, and objective over the data can discover and determine truth for himself. Man can prove God, or disprove God. It matters not.
To assert that man can prove or establish God, is to assert that the God revealed in the Scriptures cannot possibly be true. In “proving” God, the rationalist by that action or proof disbelieves the God of Scripture. There is no other possibility. There is no neutral, middle ground. Either God establishes and pre-interprets man, or man establishes and pre-interprets one or more gods.
When Christians―no doubt with all the best intentions in the world―seek to clothe themselves with the garb of rational neutrality so they can go down to the Athenian market place and seek to discuss the “facts” with Unbelievers in an effort to get them to believe, they regress to the lying attitudes adopted by the serpent and Adam. They have compromised the truth of God and His world before they start. They have again put on the smelly rags of Unbelief. God, as Calvin says so acutely, is not served by our lies.
Or, to approach the issue in another way: the Believing Mind knows that there is not one atom or sub-atomic particle in the universe that does not depend for its existence utterly and completely upon God. To enter a discussion where man is invited to consider, determine, or confirm for himself whether that might be the case is to take the form and shape of the serpent. It is to make man the measure of all things, including God.
Athens is idolatry. Everything it is and does is idolatrous. Jerusalem has been delivered from Athenian idolatry, but like our fathers in the desert who longed to return to Egypt, many citizens of Jerusalem employ rationalist and humanist modes of life. Nowhere is this more evident than at the point of interchange between believers and unbelivers. Many Christians think the only way they can appeal to unbelievers successfully is to go and stand with unbelievers on their fields of idolatry and lead them step by step to the Christian faith.
A favorite approach has been to argue the evidence for the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. If we reasonably consider the evidence for Jesus’ resurrection it becomes clear that overwhelming evidence is attached to the event. As we work through the evidence and the rational arguments arising out of the evidence, unbelievers will be confronted by the truth and will be lead to faith―or so it is claimed.
This leads us to ask whether the problem that confronted Adam and Eve in the garden was a lack of evidence. Adam had the facts, the truth, all around him. The problem was not the facts or the obscrurity of the evidence. The problem lay in Adam filtering the evidence through mind of Unbelief―the mind of sin. How could that happen? It happened as soon as he asserted a “right” to examine the evidence “neutrally”, outside of God, for himself.
Thus, to return to the issue of leading people into the Kingdom by means of objective, neutral, “just the facts, ma’am” consideration of the resurrection or any other Christian doctrine, the rationalist will say, in heart, “Even if I am persuaded that the facts indicate that Jesus did actually rise from the dead, they are utterly uncompelling in convincing me to become a Christian. For if I can establish such truth for myself, why do I need God at all? If I can establish that Jesus rose from the dead, I can un-establish it. After all, in a random world, such things as resurrections may actually occur. But the significance and meaning of that random event, I will determine for myself.”
God is not well served by our lies. If we stand with Unbelievers in the field of Unbelief and join with them in their lies agreeing with them that they we can verify and establish God as it seems good to them, we are promulgating a lie. We are entering into the age-old Satanic deceit. There is a snake in the grass.
God alone is true. Every man, apart from the One, is a liar. And Satan is the father of lies, from the beginning. So entered sin into the heart and mind of man.

>ChnMind 1:18 The Future of Marriage in Athens

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Can Athens Restore Marriage?

“What goes around comes around.” There are many aspects of life that tend to display circularity. Fashion is one. Last year’s fad is dead and gone―but, chances are, it will be revived and re-presented in a few short years time. If double breasted suits are out of fashion, just wait. Leave them in the wardrobe, and shortly they will come back into fashion.

Maybe marriage and stable families are like this. For the past three decades marital breakdown in Athens has increased markedly. The one man-one woman lifelong nuclear family looks like it is disappearing like the land-line phone system. It is tempting to think that this will be just another fashion, however. In time, the nuclear family will make a come-back. The pendulum will swing again.

Such optimism is pollyannerish. Athens cannot restore the institution of marriage and family. It simply cannot do it.

In the first place, consider the religious fundament of Athens―the foundation upon which all its life and culture is built. The principle of human autonomy, of man as god, of man as the master of his fate is the essence of Athens. Historically, this has worked out into two basic political and sociological constructs: either Athenian society has tended towards individualistic or collectivist organisation. In the case of the former, the autonomy of the individual against the collective or the corporate predominates. In the case of the latter, it is collective man, usually manifesting itself as the government, which predominates.

The twentieth century manifested both poles of human autonomy. It produced some of the worst collectivist tyrannies in all recorded human history, resulting in the most bloody, deadly century ever. Fascism and communism (together with their variants) was a twentieth century phenomenon. But as the century drew to a close, collectivist options disappeared from the world. Francis Fukuyama expressed this develoment as “The End of History and the Last Man.” (New York: Avon Books, 1992) He has often been misquoted―but he was arguing that the Hegelian dialectical rationalistic view of history had produced its last synthesis: democratic, liberal, free, individualistic man was taking over. The whole world, implied Fukuyama, would become democratic―that is, would embrace western liberal democracy. This would mean the end of history as we knew it. The final synthesis had been reached. The dialectic of history was over—or so he believed and argued.

Fukuyama was right at least in this: the end of the twentieth century had seen Athens, in the West, and increasingly in the East move to organise societies around the rights and autonomies of individuals. What is new (in terms of historical development) is the predominance of autonomist, individualistic, rights based nations and societies, on the one hand, at the same time as those societies were successful in casting away the vestiges of Christian influence, on the other. Since we are in uncharted territory, historically speaking, we do not know what lengths of devastation and destruction this will lead to.

But, at least one result is clear: monogamous, life-long marriage and the nuclear family has broken down―and the change is irrevocable as long as the two conditions stipulated above co-incide. Not only does Athens not want to fix the problem―it could not, even it tried. You cannot build the institution of marriage upon a foundation of asserting one’s individual rights. The fundamental religious dogma of Athens―that I am the captain of my soul, the master of my fate―once it becomes consistently reified into a society organised along atomistic, individualistic lines (which has now happened at the “end of history”)―cannot maintain the institution of marriage. It is spiritually incompetent and unable to do so. Modern Athens, can no more return now to marriage than it can give up on its most fundamental religious dogmas and prejudices.

Fukuyama is right. We now have seen the Last Man―and the Last Man is so devasted and corrupted that he simply does not have the religious and moral fibre to sustain marriage. Once the social supports for the institution of marriage have been stripped away through the attenuation of Jerusalem in liberal western democractic societies, marriage is collapsing on every side.

A second reason why Athens is unable to restore marriage is the psychological and spiritual damage wrought upon the children that are produced under Athenian social arrangements. If modern unbelieving adults cannot sustain marriage, their children are ten times less likely to be able to do so. “Living arrangements”―whether the biblical institution of marriage, or Athenian parodies―are the most powerful conditioning and socialising influences of all upon children. God created it to be so. It is part of the fabric of the world, which cannot be shaken, and which cannot be escaped. Either the socialising impact is positive or it is not. Either way, the impact―its depth and pervasiveness―is virtually inescapable. We are comprehensively conditioned while children by the living arrangements and experiences wrought upon us.

Young people are deeply and permanently affected by the marital breakups of their parents. They are affected in such a way that they have become incapable of entering into marriage as defined by the Scriptures (that is, lifelong, monogamous, leaving and cleaving of a man and a woman). Leon Kass, in a remarkable essay, captures the problem:

The ubiquitous experience of divorce is also deadly for courtship and marriage. Some people try to argue, wishfully against the empirical evidence, that children of divorce will marry better than their parents because they know how important it is to choose well. But the deck is stacked against them. Not only are many of them frightened of marriage, in whose likely permanence they simply do not believe, but they are often maimed for love and intimacy. They have had no successful models to imitate; worse, their capacity for trust and love has been severely crippled by the betrayal of the primal trust all children naturally repose in their parents, to provide that durable, reliable, and absolutely trustworthy haven of permanent and unconditional love in an otherwise often unloving and undependable world. Countless students at the University of Chicago have told me and my wife that the divorce of their parents has been the most devastating and life-shaping event of their lives. They are conscious of the fact that they enter into relationships guardedly and tentatively; for good reason, they believe that they must always be looking out for number one. Accordingly, they feel little sense of devotion to another and, their own needs unmet, they are not generally eager for or partial to children. They are not good bets for promise keeping, and they haven’t enough margin for generous service. And many of the fatherless men are themselves unmanned for fatherhood, except in the purely biological sense. Even where they dream of meeting a true love, these children of divorce have a hard time finding, winning, and committing themselves to the right one.

It is surely the fear of making a mistake in marriage, and the desire to avoid a later divorce, that leads some people to undertake cohabitation, sometimes understood by the couple to be a “trial marriage”–although they are often one or both of them self-deceived (or other-deceiving). It is far easier, so the argument goes, to get to know one another by cohabiting than by the artificial systems of courting or dating of yesteryear. But such arrangements, even when they eventuate in matrimony, are, precisely because they are a trial, not a trial of marriage. Marriage is not something one tries on for size, and then decides whether to keep; it is rather something one decides with a promise, and then bends every effort to keep.

Lacking the formalized and public ritual, and especially the vows or promises of permanence (or “commitment”) that subtly but surely shape all aspects of genuine marital life, cohabitation is an arrangement of convenience, with each partner taken on approval and returnable at will. Many are, in fact, just playing house-sex and meals shared with the rent. When long-cohabiting couples do later marry, whether to legitimate prospective offspring, satisfy parental wishes, or just because “it now seems right,” post-marital life is generally regarded and experienced as a continuation of the same, not as a true change of estate. The formal rite of passage that is the wedding ceremony is, however welcome and joyous, also something of a mockery: Everyone, not only the youngest child present, wonders, if only in embarrassed silence, “Why is this night different from all other nights?” Given that they have more or less drifted into marriage, it should come as no great surprise that couples who have lived together before marriage have a higher, not lower, rate of divorce than those who have not. Too much familiarity? Disenchantment? Or is it rather the lack of wooing–that is, that marriage was not seen from the start as the sought–for relationship, as the goal that beckoned and guided the process of getting-to-know-you?

(Leon R. Kass, “The End of Courtship,” http://www.ldolphin.org/endcourtship,) p.4.

“Maimed for love and intimacy. . . . Their capacity for love and trust severely crippled. . . . They believe they must always be looking out for number one. . . . (N)ot generally eager or partial to children. . . . Many are, in fact, just playing house-sex and meals shared with the rent.” The children Kass is describing are now participating in modern Athenian “living arrangements” mark II—that is, second generation. Those children that are produced by the mark II generation―what will they be like. If their parents were maimed for love and intimacy, their capacity for love severely crippled, etc. what will they be like? What will modern Athenian “living arrangements” mark III exhibit?

Kass is giving his observations and experience of US college life. But what he describes is virtually universal in the western (post-christian) world. For example, a recent demographic survey in Australia underscores the point. Unmarried women now outnumber married women for the first time since World War One–when a large proportion of marriageable men were in the trenches in France. Moreover, the analysis revealed that 51.4% of women were opting for a “singles” life-style in a new phenemenon called “Bridget Jones meets Sex and the City.” The survey estimates that 25% of Australian women will never have children, and that there has been a rapid rise in “Single Person Urban Dwellings”–that is, people living alone. This trend is expected to increase rapidly. (Sydney Morning Herald, March 12, 2008) Marriage is breaking down rapidly in Athenian society and Athens will not be able to stem the tsunami.

A third reason why Athens will not be able to restore marriage, the genie having been well and truly let out of the bottle, is found in the ordinary patters of God’s government of human cultures and societies. When a society deliberately spurns the Living God, as ours has done, consequences follow―and those consequences usually last decades or longer. The Bible speaks a great deal of the curses of the Covenant. Just as God promises blessings to the people that fear Him and serve Him, He also threatens curses upon societies that deliberately and wilfully turn away from the light that He has given them. And western liberal democracies have had a great deal of scriptural light―centuries of it, in fact—but have deliberately turned away.

The curses of unbelief can fall upon a society from external factors―war, disease, or natural disasters such as earthquakes. But they often fall through the internally worked out consequences of disobedience to God. Thus when God warns repeatedly that He will “visit the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me” (Exodus 20:5) we should understand that the evil consequences of a generation fall upon their children―to their harm and hurt―such that they depart further from God, and so bring greater damage upon themselves and the next generation, and so forth.

The comforting thing in all of this is that this anger of God, His cursing of a people who have turned away from Him, does not last for ever. It normally is worked out by the third and fourth generations. But how does it end? It ends when a culture or a people become so devastated and broken that they have nothing left, no hope. All their idols have been shattered and lie around them, while they sit in the dust. In despair, they might remember God, and they may repent and turn back to Him. That is how the curse ends. But Athens cannot end the curse. Athens is the curse. It will end only as people flee the fallen and devastated city and hasten to Jerusalem.

There were those who dwelt in darkness and in the shadow of death,
Prisoners in misery and chains,
Because they had rebelled against the words of God,
And spurned the counsel of the Most High.
Therefore He humbled their hearts with labour
They stumbled and there was none to help.

Then they cried out to the Lord in their trouble;
He saved them out of their distresses.
He brought them out of darkness and the shadow of death,
And broke their bands apart.

Psalm 107:10―14

Can Athens restore the institution of marriage? No. It is impossible. The whirlwind has come and is coming. God alone can restore biblical marriage to us. And He will. In His time. As it pleases Him. As He pours out His Spirit upon a wretched and broken people. Maranatha. Even so, come quickly, Lord Jesus.

>ChnMind 1.17 The Family: Biblical or Deformed

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Marriage: A Biblical Key to Success and Fulfillment

The early chapters of Genesis give us the ground rules for playing out the great human drama which we call history, or more accurately, what should be referred to as redemptive history, for it is redemptive history that is the overlord of all particular histories. Redemptive history is God’s fulfilling of His purposes and plans on the earth, for man, throughout the aeons, ages, centuries and generations. All human histories are but sub-sets or aspects of this great meta-history.

The Christian view of history is fundamentally different from all philosophies of history found in Athens. At root there are at least three things that set the Christian perspective apart from all the false alternatives:

  1. The course of history in its entirety is pre-ordained and pre-determined by the Living God. His decree governs the course of mankind upon the earth exhaustively and completely. So, for example, we read: “Remember the former things long past. For I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is no one like Me, declaring the end from the beginning and from ancient times things which have not been done, saying, ‘My purpose will be established, and I will accomplish all My good pleasure.’” (Isaiah 46:9,10)

  2. Since AD33, all subsequent human history has come under the aegis of the Lord Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, and ascended to the right hand of the Living God, and seated upon the throne. He holds all authority in heaven and upon earth, and all the nations are now being gradually and inevitably brought under His authority, by His Word and Spirit.

  3. All human history and histories are being ruled and governed so as to fulfill a fundamental divine purpose―the manifestation of the glory of the Living God. This purpose is all embracing and incorporates both the evil and the good, the righteous and the unrighteous, and the rise and fall of kingdoms, nations, principalities and powers. So, in Romans we read: “On the contrary, who are you, O man, who answers back to God? The thing molded will not say to the molder, ‘Why did you make me like this,’ will it? Or does not the potter have a right over the clay, to make from the same lump one vessel for honorable use, and another for common use? What if God, although willing to demonstrate His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction? And He did so in order that He might make know the riches of His glory upno vessels of mercy, which He prepared beforehand for glory.” (Romans 9:2―23)

Genesis gives us the “ground rules” as to how redemptive history has been and will be played out. It does not tell us everything about how the “game” is to be played, but everything that is added thereafter in God’s Word is a development, or a refinement of what God tells us in these chapters. Genesis, then, gives us the goal posts and the boundaries of play; it also tells us the objectives of the game, and the essential rules of how the game of history is to be played out.

The Christian or Believing Mind is one which thinks God’s thoughts after Him, seeking to ensure that every thought and imagination is in conformity with reality. The Christian knows that reality is that which has been ordained, commanded, and decreed by God. Bluntly, reality is what God says it is. There is no potentiality or actuality beyond God’s all conditioning control of the world and what He has declared concerning the world and all that is in it.

This is why Jerusalem is culturally powerful. Jerusalem sees things as they really are. As the citizens of Jerusalem think and act according to the way things have actually been made to work, Jerusalem’s power and influence grows. It is the difference between rowing with the tide or against it. Jerusalem, as she thinks God’s thoughts after Him, and acts consistently with those thoughts, sails swiftly on a strong running tide.

All the “Foundations in Genesis” essays have sought to discuss one or more of these constitutive ground rules for human life and history. This essay deals with the central importance of marriage to the great drama.

In Genesis 1:26 we are told that on the sixth day, the Lord created man in His own image, “male and female He created them.” Genesis 2:18―25 provides more detail about the process of creating mankind male and female. The process was deliberate, and it is revelational―that is, the process teaches us some vital principles and truths about the world and how it is made to work.

The key points are:

  1. Both male and female are equally in God’s image: they are metaphysically equal. From this point on, any role differentiation or any “superior-inferior” distinctions between the sexes have only to do with operational functionality, not with relative metaphysical value of being. In an orchestra, the conductor is “superior” to the instrumentalists; the second and third violinists take their lead from the first violin and he or she from the conductor, in turn.

    Everyone understands that this is necessary to make the orchestra play as one, with each part integrating into the whole. But, it would be preposterous to suggest, therefore, that the conductor was more, or a better human being than the instrumentalists. He or she leads for reasons of operational functionality, not for reasons based upon the essence or superiority of being. (This needs to be emphasized in our day because our age seems to have become grossly confused at this point.)

  2. It was not good for man to be alone. (Genesis 2:18) Man was incomplete and imperfect (not “good” with “good” here being used in exactly the same sense as God reviewing His work of creation and pronouncing it to be “good.”)

  3. There was no adequate helper found for Adam amongst the other creatures. (Genesis 2:20) Adam saw things correctly, as they really were. He discerned the true nature of every creature, and named them correctly. This process led to the conviction that none of the other creatures was suitable as a companion for Adam.

  4. The woman was created in such a way as to underscore and reveal her closeness to, and metaphysical sameness with, Adam. (Genesis 2:21,22). Adam, the perfect categorizer and namer of creatures, saw immediately what Eve represented when the Lord brought Eve to Adam and so he named her accordingly: “This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh. She shall be called Woman because she was taken out of Man.” (Genesis 2:23) He acutely and intuitively named her with the feminine form of the Hebrew noun for “man” (“ishah”, the feminine form of “ish”, Hebrew for “man”). He saw immediately and correctly that she was the female version, and he the male version, of mankind―that they were equally part of the whole.

  5. To have a woman as his helper, a man must leave his parents house, and cleave to his wife. Leaving and cleaving remain one of the most basic fundamental principles of successful marriage to this day―and always will be. (Genesis 2:24)

  6. The closeness of the union is evidenced by the declaration that the man and the woman will be “one flesh”, and that they were both naked in each other’s presence without shame.

This is marriage as it was ordained and created to be, before the Fall, before sin corrupted it. Nevertheless, as we shall see in due time, despite the corruption of sin, the Lord reinstituted marriage and restored it. Moreover, He subsequently made emphatically clear that marriage holds a legitimacy and authority directly from God, such that man is expressly forbidden from separating a man and wife. They are understood to be joined together by God, and no human authority can legitimately overrule God’s appointment. (“What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate.” Matthew 19:6)

Marriage, however, is failing on every hand today. Many Athenians offer this as evidence that the teachings of Scripture are outmoded and archaic. Modern man needs new up-to-date social arrangements. In fact exactly the reverse is true. The widespread failure of marriage simply reflects the current ascendancy of unbelief in the Western World. It reflects that we are in a post-Christian world. It indicated declension and retreat, not an advance. The truth is that in general the Unbelieving Mind is incapable of sustaining the disciplines and callings represented in marriage. The contemporary failure of marriage is a failure of man to be properly human.

But, God is not mocked. If a nation or an age lifts up the hand of rebellion against God, a torrent of consequences flows down which result in the eventual collapse of a culture–usually from within. Every passing moment saps contemporary Athenian culture of its vitality; its ennervation is from within. The fever heat of summer will be followed by the long dark of winter, as sure as the sparks fly upwards.

We all know the psychological devastation that comes from the battleground that is the modern Athenian relationship between man and woman. Whether in marriage, or in semi-permanent “relationships”, whether in serial promiscuity or serial monogamy, whether in homosexuality or hermaphroditism, the hearts, minds, and bodies of men and women are being shredded and progressively dehumanised. Added to this fearsome concoction is the devastating impact upon children who are born into this maelstrom, where families are constantly breaking apart, reforming into different composites, with an endless succession of “step parents” or “whanau” posing to be family but all to often little more than an idiotic demonic aping of the truth.

This is what Athenian alternatives to marriage become—the great dehumanizer of our time. Under the temporary aegis of Athens, man becomes more animal like, and less image-of-God like, with every passing day. Governments hypocritically wring their hands and bemoan the rise in violence, abuse, drunkenness, drug addiction, neglect, butalisation, and the burgeoning breakdown of the social fabric. Hypocritically, because it is the fundamental axiom of Athenian unbelief, that each individual person is a law and standard unto himself―and it is this which has produced the chaos in the first place. The unbelief of Athens cannot therefore philosophically or ideologically sustain the institution of marriage. Athens has welcomed with open arms the modern “alternatives” of open marriages and the endless cycle of recycled partners as an avatar of enlightenment. Athens, in the end, would like to abolish the institution of marriage―yet is unwilling to accept the consequences. If you play with fire, any complaint about being burnt is not to be taken seriously. If you sow to the wind, you will reap the whirlwind. Don’t moan about it when it comes.

Of course, the downward spiral has yet got a way to run. Unbelief and its consequences take time to play out. But, in the past ten years we have entered the next, more insidious phase of the breakdown. As society reels from the social disorder and damage that comes from broken families, the State rears its ugly misshapen head and tries to respond to the crisis. Faced with the increasingly manifest social problems arising out of disfunctional families, the city of Athens does not, and will not, repent, and insist upon a return to the biblical mores. Rather it will always be true to its nature: It will set itself forth as the Great Redeemer, the Saviour, which will deliver society from the fruits of marital breakdown. It progressively arrogates to itself more and more power, more and more control over family life, over children, over schools; more and more interference―even to the point of specifying how families are to conduct themselves, with increasingly minute presecriptions, even down to hectoring everyone over what is to be eaten!―so that in the end, the State becomes the Uberparent.

We are in this phase of devolution now. This phase―the emergence of theState as Uberparent―will merely serve to exacerbate the damage and destruction many times over. It adds to the already volatile mix the ingredient of rights or entitlements. If things are not solved, because the State has taken upon itself both to correct and provide, then to the fire of victimhood arising out of marital breakdown is added the high octane accelerant of a belief that injustice is at the root of all problems. As the number of sociopaths grows, to their ingrained sense of victimhood, Athens encourages them to add a self-righteous, self justifying conviction that they have been treated unjustly “The government has not given me what I deserve by right, by reason of justice.” When individuals increasingly see themselves as being unjustly treated, as the State itself is regarded as traducing their legitimate demands and rights, law and order can break down, and break down rapidly. Substitutes to the State emerge, such as gangs, which have their own code, their own laws, and their own justice. The spectre of the warlord society looms.

Too far fetched for an enlightened society such as New Zealand? The structures of civilisation are skin deep. They can, and are, easily flayed away. Let me offer some illustrations of what is occurring now, and what it is likely to turn into.

Firstly, an extended quotation from historian, Dr Michael Bassett. This is the text of a speech, delivered early in 2008, in which he is contemplating the issues that would swirl around in the 2008 election.

The collapse of the two-parent household, and of self-reliance, has become a Kiwi tragedy. Radio and TV perpetually carry stories that any sensible person can see indicates that a sizeable chunk of Maori and Polynesian society is collapsing. Labour’s policies propel that collapse with a rocket in the tail. There are parts of Northland, South Auckland, Rotorua and Taupo that are now no-go areas at night. The Domestic Purposes Benefit (“DPB”) didn’t cause the breakdown of two parent households, but it gave it a permanent adrenalin rush. However, Labour resists debating the DPB like the devil shuns incense. . . .

We must remember that the DPB is an ancient article of feminist faith. But the depredations it has wrought are appalling. The perpetrators of child bashing, mothers driving with unrestrained children on their way home from the pub on benefit night, and the relentless over-production of fatherless children, can be traced directly to the DPB. It quickly became a state licence for tom-catting. Two-parent households have largely vanished from the underclass, ensuring that children stay in permanent poverty. They live desperate lives down there, yet politicians refuse to face one of the main causes of the continuing misery. For too many biological parents it’s not the children they want, only the money that goes with them. We shouldn’t be surprised that parents don’t read to them, or even talk to them. A recent Herald interview with several young Maori women in Taupo had them complaining “there’s nothing to do”. Most parents in the underclass have never taken their children out for a treat to the zoo, the speedway, a concert, or even fishing or tramping, or to the public park. Kids who tag, who commit petty crime, and increasingly use knives, have no idea of the opportunities open to them in the wider world. The young Taupo women I mentioned sat there, thumbing their cell phones, and waiting for their inevitable dead-end careers on the DPB. Too many parents don’t care about their kids – except on benefit day. Then it’s off to the pub.

Since 1999 it has become clear that Labour doesn’t believe in contracting out anything – except parental responsibility. This government funds an army of social workers while the problems get steadily worse. Now we are told that police will soon be attached to schools, acting of course in loco parentis. The notion that state-paid agencies can adequately substitute for parental responsibility must be one of the greatest fallacies of modern times. Yet Labour Party branches are full of representatives of the “caring industries”. Their livelihoods depend on a willingness to keep contracting out parental responsibility. Labour has locked these people into its electoral coalition at the expense of the wider welfare of society. A social work army dominates Labour these days. . . . Meantime the underclass that Labour has helped to create will continue to inflict untold damage, at huge expense, on the rest of us.

Dr Michael Bassett, “The Political Outlook in 2008: A speech given in Waiuku, 22 February 2008”, http://www.michaelbassett.co.nz/articleview.php

Note Bassett’s telling point: far too many biological parents today don’t want the children they have generated, only the money that goes with them. Dolling out money (rorted off its citizens) is the government’s initial way of dealing with the problem. When that fails, a veritable army of state paid agencies attempting to substitute for parental responsibility follows. How does the state justify this? By a fallacious appeal to justice. “It is right, fair, just that we give these disadvantaged people money.” What this means, is that modern Athens believes (and believes religiously) that these people are owed such help. Then, when that palably fails, the government intrudes directly as the Uberparent with its army of social workers structured around state funded help agencies. It has even got to the point where the police are to be stationed in schools. The state’s taking over of parental responsibilities is only limited by cost and resources―which are expanding at a rapid and unprecedented rate. If it could, the state would have a policeman living in every household. Let me introduce you to our new father. “Our Father which art in Wellington, Hallowed be Thy Name. May Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be done . . .”

The Taupo syndrome, as described by Bassett, ends in almost total alientation from society, nursed by an underlying, brooding, volcanic anger. “I am a victim. I have been treated unjustly.” It is this social environment that breeds the world of the warlord. In New Zealand―nah! Really?

Take a good long look at the sociology of the gangs in New Zealand. They are incredibly powerful within their ghettoes and sub-cultures. Their women and children are literally enslaved―there is no other word for it. It is not tribalism, it is warlordism―and it is an inevitable fruit of the Athenian imitation of marriage.

Another variant of the same phenomenon is the rise of radical Islam in the UK. This is not Islam per se―that is merely its garb of the moment. It is the rise of the warlord, with the degradation of females, its suicide foot soldiers, its honour killings, its beating up of those competing with Muslims for jobs, its no-go areas for non-Muslims, its own justice system, its own banking system. This is the UK’s version of warlordism and parallels almost exactly the gangs in New Zealand. People are recruited to the warlords when they believe they have been afflicted wickedly and unjustly. And Athens consistently, inadvertently tells them that this is indeed the case. The warlord offers them hope of revenge, of payback, of a different justice. This fertile ground upon which the world of the warlord feeds has come about because of the Athenian version of marriage and family, with the whirlwind of devastating social consequences which come in its wake. In the end, Athens―the world of Unbelief―is the ultimate sociopath.

Marriage in Athens is at root nacissistic. It begins and ends in a dreadful pre-occupation with self. Marriages (or “relationships”, to use the modern parlance) in Athens, more often than not, are entered into with a motivation to gain something from the other party. When the other party stops serving me, and meeting my needs, “Sayonara, baby,” or more realistically, explosions of disappointment, frustration, anger, hatred, vitriol, substance abuse, and, increasingly, physical violence, then sayonara. And the children fearfully watch, and learn. Oh, how they learn!

In Jerusalem, marriage is not an end in itself. It is a means to an end. So far, Jerusalem agrees in a formal sense with Athens. Both cities enter marriage as a means to an end. For Athens, the end is narcissistic. For Jerusalem, the goal is to to serve God more effectively. This is clear in Genesis―and it makes the institution of marriage a fundamentally different prospect to the Athenian imitation.

Adam was under divine command―to go forth and subdue the earth―to rule over it in God’s Name, acting as His representative in the world. What an amazing honour! Hence the dignity of man above all other creatures. In order to do this effectively, it tuned out that Adam needed a helper that would be fit for the task. He could not succeed on his own. Thus, marriage was to make Adam more effective in serving God in the world, carrying out the responsibilities and duties of the Cultural Mandate. God declares, “I will make him a helper suitable for him.” (Genesis 2:18)

Thus, the end of marriage in Jerusalem is to advance God’s Kingdom and honour. The end of marriage is not a nacissistic meeting of my own needs―as in Athens. Of course, as we serve God and fulfill His purposes, so our needs are abundantly met. But marriage is first and foremost an institution to enable me to give to God. And when that is the case, the promise, “Give, and it will be given to you. They will pour into your lap a good measure–pressed down, shaken together, and running over. For by your standard of measure it will be measured to you in return,.” (Luke 6:38) comes true.

In the history of Athens, the institution of marriage has always been more stable when the particular society or culture believes in a greater goal towards which marriage works. So, in those ages when overarching goals are important in a particular Athenian society, such as making the nation great, children, provision for one’s old age, or maintaining a blood line of descendants, marriage tends to be a more stable and stronger institution. The ethic of “others” makes marriage much, much stronger. But these, while definitely better than modern nacissism, are a pale reflection of what marriage is supposed to be and achieve―which is captured only in Jerusalem.

Marriage is a core institution of the Kingdom of God. Through it, man becomes comprehensively equipped to succeed in going forth to multiply, fill the earth, and subdue it. As men and women take on the duties and commitments of marriage with the objective of serving God more effectively, so they experience the deepest human fulfillment. But always in that order! Only then does marriage have a foundation which can last through the generations. Only then the ship sails with a fast moving tide.

>ChnMind 1.16 The Sabbath and the Heavenly City

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The Sabbath Grows in Power and Glory

The institution of the sabbath has expanded and developed through redemptive history. As with all redemptive history, the greatest change and development occurred with the resurrection and ascension of Messiah Jesus to the right hand of the Father. He, as the head of the new creation and the new human race redeems and re-institutes the sabbath. The classic (but often frightfully misunderstood) text in this regard is Hebrew chapters 3&4.

Here are the key propositions:

  1. There has been through all human history one House of God, and Jesus Christ alone is the builder of the House.

  2. For many centuries, the Old Covenant manifestation of the House of God was the nation of Israel in the land of Canaan.

  3. To be in Israel was to have entered into the rest (sabbath) of God.

  4. Some who came out of Egypt did not enter into God’s sabbath, because of unbelief.

  5. In order to enter into House of God now, and consequently into God’s sabbath, we must believe in the Gospel preached to us.

  6. The sabbath rest instituted in the land of Israel was anticipatory only: it was not the real sabbath rest which was yet to come, when Jesus Christ completed building the House of God.

  7. That House is now established forever, and we are to enter into the rest of that House.

The great mistake many in Jerusalem today make is to take the reference of this text out of history cast its fulfilment up into the enternal realms to come. But the Sabbath rest that Hebrews speaks of is none other than the reconstituted sabbath as it was prior to the Fall, and would have become as the descendants of Adam and Eve carried out the command of God to subdue all the earth. Grace restores Nature to its glorious perfections; Grace does not obliterate Nature. Grace restores the terrestrial constitution of the Creation.

Hebrews makes it very clear that the realm of which the text speaks is the here and now—it is Jerusalem upon earth, now—the city that is being created by Christ out of heaven upon the earth in our time. This is what is meant by the heavenly city—not the city that is in heaven alone (that is, away from the earth), but the city that is both in heaven and upon the earth. That is the city which the patriarchs longed to see and participate in (although they died without seeing it, and saw it in faith only, from afar—Hebrews 11:8—16). If the city which the patriarchs were looking for, the city whose architect and builder is God, was outside of human history and in heaven alone, the text would have said that they entered the city when they died (that is, when they departed human history upon the earth and went to be with the Lord). But, it explicitly says that they died in faith without receiving the promises (Hebrews 11:13)—rather,their whole lives they had been strangers and exiles on the earth. They had not been able to participate in the city of God, the House of God, while upon earth—they had remained as strangers and exiles from it—because the House of God had not yet been established upon the earth.

This experience of being strangers and exiles, of not seeing and participating in the city of God, was common to all believers under the Old Covenant. Thus, at the end of Hebrews 11 which is the great roll of faith of the Old Covenant, we read the explicit statement: “All these, having gained approval through their faith, did not receive what was promised, because God had provided something better for us, so that apart from us they should not be made perfect.” He does not say, something “better for us and them in the future”, but something better which we now experience, which is the fulfillment of the promise—the city whose maker and builder is God. And what then is the “something better”: it is Jesus, the author and perfecter of faith, who for the joy set before Him endured the cross, despised the shame, and has now sat down at the right hand of the throne of God—thereby establishing the true city of God upon the earth. (Hebrews 12: 2)

This city is the heavenly Jerusalem and it is a city that spans both heaven and earth. When we enter into sabbath worship now, we come to “Mount Zion and to the city of the Living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to myriads of angels, to the general assembly and church of the first-born who are enrolled in heaven, and to God, the Judge of all, and to the spirits of righteous men made perfect, and to Jesus the mediator of a new covenant and to the sprinkled blood, which speaks better than the blood of Abel.. (Hebrews 12: 22—24) This city shakes everything upon the earth so that all which is not truly of God upon the earth and can be shaken, will be removed.

There is a real irony here. The pagan notion of the dichotomy between matter and spirit has so infected the Church that many Christians have come to believe their great hope lies in escaping from the earth, in death. In other words, many Christians believe that their great hope is metaphysical in nature and lies in an escape from the material realms. This of course is perverse. It is one of the many lies of Athens. The real hope for the Christian lies in Christ and the complete consummation of all His work—in the heavens and upon earth. Thus, our hope lies not in escaping from the created material realm, but in Christ’s shaking of all of heaven and earth, and removing that which does not belong upon earth. That which is removed is that which is evil and not of God. Thus, our great hope is not in being removed from the earth, but in the removal of all evil, all which can be shaken, all which does not truly belong upon the earth. That is the true heavenly city. (Hebrews 12:25—29)

Thus within Jerusalem we are now able to enjoy the great sabbath rest as we engage in our six days of labour, then cease work to rest and come into the presence of God. This is what the patriarchs of old longed to participate in, but could not. The true House and City of God has now been established in Christ, the Head of the new human race, the One who is creating all things new.

If the sabbath was blessed under the Old Covenant, it is many times more blessed now, through the office of Christ Jesus the Lord, who is working to ensure that His will is being done more and more upon the earth as it is in heaven.

There are two cities in the world. One is of the earth, is earthy. It is from the dust, and to dust it shall return. It will be shaken out and removed. Athens is its name, and death is its spirit. The other is of heaven. It is from God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and its course in the world is life. It cannot be shaken. It is bringing, and will bring, cleansing, refreshing, and healing to all the nations. Upon its throne sits the Lamb, the King of all kings. All enemies are being placed under His feet. The creation, which groans under the dead weight of Athens and all it represents, it now being released from its slavery, and is being restored in Christ, to the freedom and glory that it had when God said, so long ago, “It is very good!”

>ChnMind 1.15 The Rest Which Shakes the Foundations of the World

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The Joy and Power of the Sabbath

In Genesis chapters 1―3 we have the divine revelation which frames, and is constitutive of, all human existence. Included in this terrestrial constitution we find the following important declaration:

“And God saw that all He had made, and behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day. Thus the heavens and the earth were completed, and all their hosts. And by the seventh day God completed all His work which He had done; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done. Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because in it He rested from all His work which God had created and made.”

There are three key aspects to this text:

  • The seventh day is to be sanctified and set apart―that is, different from the other six days of the week.

  • The point of difference centres around its sabbatical nature (“sabbath” day, from the Hebrew word, ‘shabbat’ which means to cease or desist); thus the seventh day is a day of rest from the work and responsibilities of the other six days.

  • The day is blessed by God. Thus, all who enter into it, partake in the divine blessing inscribed into the day.

Later, a fourth aspect was added: part of the rest on the seventh day with to be able to enter into public corporate worship. It is inevitable that for corporate worship to occur, the community must be at rest from other responsibilities. The sabbath institution enables that to occur.

In an earlier article (ChnMind 1.5: Creation: It’s the Process, Stupid) we argued that the way God created the world sets out constitutional patterns which shape everything. God’s own resting on the seventh day, after the completion of the work of creation, and setting the day apart is another example.

Now, within God Himself there is no passage or sequence of time. Time is a created dimension. It, too, has been created out of nothing. Time has not been an eternal pre-existent dimension. It rather a necessary constituent of creaturehood―part of the warp and woof of the finite universe. This is what Jesus alludes to when He states (precisely whilst engaged in controversy over the Sabbath): “My Father is working until now and I myself am working.” (John 5:17) The Sabbath is an institution that has been created for man: for his benefit, to enable him to function in the creation and towards God, as God intended.

The Fourth Commandment, which prescribes for mankind the blessing and duty of the sabbath rest, refers back to God’s pattern in creating the world as the reason for resting on the seventh day. “Remember the sabbath day to keep it holy. Six days you shall labour and do all your work, . . . for in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day.” (Exodus 20: 8ff) In other words, according to the pattern laid down by God, so we are to be bound―and mankind is to imitate Him, as His representative in the world. Our lives are to be characterised by six days of labour in which we do all our work; the seventh is to be a day of blessed rest.

Sometimes amongst the citizens of Jerusalem there are suggestions that the Sabbath is unduly restrictive: the command “stops me from doing what I want to do”. But the Sabbath command cuts to the heart of our faith―as you would expect.

In the first place, it establishes the lordship and dominion of God over our time and days upon the earth. We are commanded to redeem the time, in Christ. One of the first manifestations of rebellion against God is resentment towards His prescriptive commands over my use of time. “Surely I can organize my life the way I want to!”, we secretly assert. But, no, we cannot, for God is the Lord of all our days and ways. If a believer will not acknowledge and submit to the Sabbath institution, he will struggle to order all his life unto God. His service will be broken and compromised from the very start.

If you want to organise your own time, as it seems good to you, God will soon be organised out of your life and be excluded from your counsels.

In the second place, the sabbath command sets out the fundamental responsibility of the six days. In those days of the week, we are to do all our work. Believers that struggle with resting on the seventh day are usually found to be unfaithful, lazy, or not busy enough during the six days of the week. Those, by contrast, whose lives are filled with hard work in carrying out their holy callings, in labour, business, enterprise, school, home, family, charitable work, and community come to the seventh day with grateful anticipation of the opportunity to rest.

Thirdly, the sabbath commandment sets a divine limit upon our duties and responsibilities. The Bible warns that overwork is a great danger. There are always needs; there is always more that could be done. “It is vain for you to rise up early, to retire late, to eat the bread of painful labours, for He gives to His beloved even in his sleep.” (Psalm 127: 2) But the Scriptures indicate that all of the labour which God truly has given us can be performed within the six days. God will not require us to maintain respsonsibilitities that cannot be fulfilled within six days of work. If we find that we cannot carry out all the responsibilities we have taken on in the six days―that is, “do all our work” as God did in the first six days―then it is a strong indication that we have taken on some duties beyond the leading of God. It is necessary that we re-evaluate and cut back.

Fourthly (and following on from the point above) the sabbath commandment prevents us from becoming enslaved to the creation. We all know people who are working themselves into an early grave. Their lives have become a form of self-imposed slavery. The sabbath institution prevents us from living solely for the world’s duties and responsibilities. It enables us to lift our hearts and minds up to God, to commune with Him. No human institution—no government, no employer, no community group—has any rights to prevent us observing the sabbath rest. To claim such rights and attempt to interdict the sabbath rest is to rebel against the Almighty. (Note that within the Fourth Commandment itself there is an overt inclusion of servants and strangers in the blessing of sabbath rest.)

The aspects of redemption and liberation represented within the sabbath are revealed very clearly in the second recital of the Ten Commandments. After God had delivered our forefathers from slavery in Egypt, He reiterated the Ten Commandments, as part of the great renewal of the Covenant before they entered into the land promised to Abraham and his descendants: “Observe the sabbath day to keep it holy . . . . Six days you shall labour and do all your work, but the seventh day is a sabbath of the Lord your God. . . . You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the Lord your God brought you out of there by a mighty hand and by an outstreteched arm; therefore, the Lord your God commanded you to observe the sabbath day.” (Deuteronomy 5:12ff) As a result of being delivered from slavery, the sabbath was restored to our fathers. To the extent that the sabbath rest is taken away from us we become enslaved again.

Fifthly, the sabbath is to be the highlight of the week. Everyone has experienced the blessedness that comes from stopping work for the day, laying down tools, and returning home to rest. The sabbath extends this blessing for a whole day. It gathers up all the effort and labour of the previous six days—as it were—and lays it before the Lord as a holy offering, as a spiritual service of worship (Romand 12: 1,2). On that day, we are to rest in God and with God, rejoicing with Him in our accomplishments, with great thankfulness and joy. It is a day of comfort, consolation, and celebration. Just as God completed all His work in creation, and reviewed it, and declared it to be “very good”, on the first sabbath day, all that goodness was celebrated, and man shared in the celebration with God. Thus the sabbath is a day of holy worship, of warm human fellowship, sharing in the richest food we have, entering into the peaceful rest of God and His blessings.

Naturally, the sabbath recreates us for the next six days of labour—which are, in turn, all the more meaningful and purposeful because of the sabbath fellowship with the Lord and with one another in the blessed community of the redeemed.

While the sabbath remains, Jerusalem will never be cast down. There is too much heavenly joy and power released into the hearts of God’s people making them irrepressible. In 1935 Stalin is reported to have once cynically replied, when being asked to encourage Roman Catholicism within the Soviet Union to propitiate the Pope: “The Pope. How many divisions has he got?” The divisions of the Lord of Hosts are legion and even the very Gates of Hell shall not hold out against them. The sabbath and all that it represents is one of the secrets of their strength.

>ChnMind 1.14 The Work-Rest Pattern

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Work and Rest: An Institution of Blessing and Dominion

The structures that framed the creation before the Fall―or sin’s entrance into the world―continue until today to shape everything. Just as one cannot escape the pervasive influence of gravity whilst upon earth, man cannot escape the creation structures in this life.

This is true for both Jerusalem and Athens. Despite the fact that Athens’ whole raison d’etre is to get away from the Living God, it cannot. Even Athens, despite its most militant and hostile endeavours, finds itself being conformed incessantly to the divine structures that inevitably frame existence.

God breathed into man the breath of life. Try as it might, Athenians cannot live without breath. Before the Fall, God instituted marriage. Try as it might―and the actual historical Athens did try mightily―the City of Death cannot escape being bound by the concepts and structures intrinsic to marriage. To be sure, Athens seeks to rebel and escape; it tries to attack the insitution of marriage at every point. But it cannot help reverted back, albeit in its own enervated manner. Modern culture, for example, in an attempt to substitute the biblical institution of marriage has created an idolatry out of “romantic love”, seeking to make it the foundation of human fulfillment and happiness. Witness the almost totally pervasive preoccupation with romantic love in contemporary music lyrics. Yet the underlying principle to this worship of romantic love is that there is one special person what will complete the individual and make him/her whole.

The hunger to love and be loved in a profound and exclusive relationship is universal. It keeps bubbling again to the surface, wven when depraved and degenerate cultures seek to suppress it. “It is not good that man should be alone,” is a divine declaration that shapes humanity, everwhere, in every age, in every land. Athenians may hate the God Who decreed and declared it, bet they remain bound by it nonetheless. Pity the Athenian who prefers his misshapen, caricatured, parodied alternatives of marriage to the wholeness and peace of Jerusalem.

The bearing of children is another creation ordinance which binds all mankind, all cultures, all ages. A culture cannot shut this off without committing suicide of itself. Athens is bound into a fundamental conformity to God’s commands, and hates Him all the more for it. Of course, individuals within cultures take rebellion to greater lengths. Criminals obviously exist. Libertines appear to flourish―for a time. Yet in the end, Athenian society turns its back upon criminal and degenerate elements. It has to, in order to survive.

I was recently both sardonically amused, and at the same time thankful, to read one self-proclaimed liberal defending, on the one hand, the rectitude of libertinistic promiscuity as a chosen lifestyle, while, on the other, insisting that lines be drawn when one was “in a relationship” or was married. Sardonic amusement because the confused irrationality of the position is as obvious as a suppurating boil. Thankful because God’s goodness and restraining grace have prevented this individual from being as wicked as he could be. In this way, God preserves the world. Athens is not allowed to integrate into the void yet, so that Jerusalem might continue its work for, and serice to, the King.

The irony is that within the world-view of Athens, the criminal and the libertine, the murderer and the rapist, is being the more consistent, the more rational, and the more coherent with the basic assumptions and presuppositions of Unbelief. Since God does not exist, I am a god unto myself. This is the fundamental animus of Athens. If Athens were able to be consistently true to itself, it would celebrate and isolise the most nibilistic and destructive amongst us. Our liberal friend above, except perforce God reaches out His hand of mercy to save him, will eventually find that to be the case in Hell, which will regard his pale principles of fidelity to be treason against the very essence of eternal Athens, and will malignantly rape him, body and soul, for all eternity. May our Lord have mercy upon him, while there is yet time, before it is too late. “He who has ears to hear, let him hear,” declares the Lord and Saviour of mankind. “He who comes to me, I will not cast out.” (Matthew 11:15; John 6:37)

The Duty and Joy of Work

Another frame that constitutes and shapes life in a universal way is the duty and joy of work. God has commanded that men must labour and work for six days every week. Try as it might, Athens cannot escape this divine decree. But the culture that stops working is the culture that dies. People who are not gainfully employed tend to deep self-doubt and beliefs of uselessness and unworthiness.

However, Athens in its modern garb has tried manfully to escape the duty to labour. It has introduced all sorts of revolutionary concepts such as ‘”social welfare”, or “redistribution of wealth”, only to create successive generations of non-workers. These people are both lazy and self-indulgent. They are the modern manifestation of slavery―welfare slaves, deeply imbued with a prfound sense of victimhood, which is the only self-justification that can be conjoured up to lessen the sense of failure, self-doubt and uselessness that comes from not working. The chains of these slaves are ones of heart and mind.

Athens, of course, true to itself, has both tried to escape the divine command to labour in the creation found in Genesis 1 & 2, and then irrationally despises the non-working slaves it has created. The upshot of this attempt to escape the command of God to work and labour in the world is that others have to work all the harder to support the egregious redistribution of wealth. The cynical bumper sticker, “Work harder, millions on welfare depend upon you,” is right on the mark―but either way Athens cannot succeed with its attempted non-conformity to God’s command to work diligently at subduing the creation in order to get food to live. Put bluntly, without food―man dies. The only way food comes is through hard work and labour.

The Seven Day Week

Another creation ordinance is the seven day week cycle. The seven day week cycle is characterised by six days of labour and one day of rest. This ordinance, being a creation ordinance, also binds both Athens as well as Jerusalem; Athens cannot long survive without observing the seven day week cycle.

It is a startling phenomenon that all nations, all cultures―even those deeply hostile to the Christian faith―observe a seven day week cycle. There is no astronomical reason for this. The twenty-four our day is set by the revolution of the earth; the measurement of time itself can be calibrated from the movement of the heavenly bodies. Months and years can be calculated or derived from the lunar cycle and the orbit of the earth around the sun. But there is no comparable terrestrial reason for a seven day week.

As one commentator put it:

“The amazing thing is that today the 7-day week, which is widely viewed as being Judeo-Christian, even Bible-based, holds sway for civil purposes over the entire world, including countries where Judaism and Christianity are anathema. Chines, Arabs, Indians, Africans, Japanese, and a hundred others sit down at the UN to the tune of a 7-day week, in perfect peace (at least calendrically!). So dear is this succession of 7 days that when the calendar changed from Julian to Gregorian the week was preserved, though not as the days of the month: in 1752, in England, September 14 followed September 2―but Thursday followed Wednesday, as always. Eleven days disappeared from the calendar―but not from the week!” (http://www.ac.www.edu/~stephan/Astronomy/7day.html)

There was at least one attempt in the Early Modern Period to abolish the seven day week. During the Reign of Terror in France, the Revolutionary Council abolished the seven day week in 1793, and substituted a ten-day-week cycle. This was done in part to efface the Christian faith from society. The attempt lasted thirteen years and was then abolished due to widespread antipathy amongst the people at large.

In the Modern Period, under the aegis of scientific materialism (aka Communism), another attempt was made to abolish the seven day week.

“The Soviet Union certainly did tinker with the calendar. On October 1, 1929, a calendar was adopted with 12 months of 30 days each, with five extra days (and the leap year) distributed at different times in the year as national holidays. The seven day week was abolished with the elimination of the ‘bourgeois’ rest days of Saturday and Sunday. This was supposed to help increase industrial production, though each worker was allowed a day off on one of the remaining five days of the week. The five or six extra days did not count in the week. This all was unpopular and didn’t work very well, so on December 1, 1931, the traditional months were restored, but not the seven day week. Instead a six day week was adopted, with a rest day, but without a Christian Sunday. Days were still kept outside the week so that each day of the month was always on a particualr day of the week. The problem with this was that people still kept track of the traditional week and still took Sundays off. So the whole business was abandoned on 26 June 1940. (http://www.thepeoplescube.com/red/ See also Wikipedia, qv “Soviet Revolutionary Calendar”, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_revolutionary_calendar See also Wikipedia, qv “Soviet Revolutionary Calendar”, ) See also Wickipedia, qv “Soviet Revolutionary Calendar”,

Man cannot avoid the seven day week. Man can establish conventions with respect to coinage and measurement, and can successfully change from cubits to yards to metres. But a change to the seven day week cannot be sustained, and all attempts to do so―attempts that were not half hearted but religiously motivated―have failed.

>ChnMind 1:13 Athens’ Resentful Conformity to Scripture

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Athens is Subject to God Despite Itself

The structures that framed the creation before the Fall—or sin’s entrance into the world—continue until this day to shape everything. Just as one cannot escape the pervasive influence of gravity while upon earth, man cannot escape the creation structures in this life.

This is true for both Jerusalem and Athens. Despite the fact Athens whole raison d’etre is to get away from God, it cannot. Even Athens, despite its most militant and hostile endeavours, finds itself being conformed incessantly to the divine structures that frame existence.

God breathed into man the breath of life. Try as it might, Athens cannot live without breath. Before the Fall, God instituted marriage. Try as it might—and the actual historical Athens did try mightily—the City of Death cannot escape being bound by the concepts and structures intrinsic to marriage. To be sure, Athens seeks to rebel and escape; it tries to attack the institution of marriage at every point. But it cannot help creating its own enervated alternative. Modern culture, for example, has created an idolatry of “romantic love” seeking to make it the foundation of human fulfillment and happiness. Witness the almost total pervasive preoccupation with romantic love in contemporary music lyrics. Yet the underlying principle to this worship of romantic love is that there is one special person that will complete me and make me whole.

The hunger to love and be loved in a profound and exclusive relationship is universal, and keeps bubbling again to the surface, even when depraved and degenerate cultures seek to suppress it. “It is not good that man should be alone”, is a divine declaration that shapes humanity everywhere, in every age, in every land. Athenians hate the God who decreed and declared it, yet remain bound by it nonetheless. Pity the Athenian who prefers his misshapen, caricatured, parodied existence to the wholeness and peace of Jerusalem.

The bearing of children is another creation ordinance which binds all mankind, all cultures, all ages. A culture cannot shut this off without committing suicide upon itself. Athens is bound into a fundamental conformity with God’s commands, and hates Him all the more for it. Of course, individuals within cultures take rebellion to greater lengths. Criminals obviously exist. Libertines appear to flourish—for a time. Yet, in the end, Athenian society turns its back upon criminal and degenerate elements. It has to, in order to survive.

I was both sardonically amused, and at the same time thankful, to read recently one typical self-proclaimed, boastful, liberal defend, on the one hand, the rectitude of libertine promiscuity as a chosen lifestyle, while on the other, draw the line that such behaviour should be allowed for one who was “in a relationship” already, or was married. Sardonic amusement because the confused irrationality of the position is as obvious as a suppurating boil on the nose. Thankful because God’s goodness and restraining grace has prevented this individual from being as wicked as he could be, and thereby the world is being preserved, so that Jerusalem might continue its work and service to the King.

The irony is that within the world-view of Athens, the criminal and the libertine, the murderer and the rapist, is being the more consistent, the more rational, and the more coherent with the basic assumptions and presuppositions of Unbelief. If Athens were able to be true to itself, it would celebrate and idolise the most nihilistic and destructive amongst us. Our boastful liberal friend, except perforce God reaches out His hand of mercy to save him, will eventually find that to be the case in Hell, which will regard his pale principles of fidelity to be treason against the very essence of eternal Athens, and will malignantly rape him, body and soul, for all eternity. May our Lord have mercy upon him, while there is yet time, before it is too late. “He who has ears to hear, let him hear”, declares our wonderful Savior of mankind. “He who comes to me, I will not cast out.” (Matthew 11:15, John 6:37)

A further inevitable frame of creation is the duty and joy of work in the creation. Try as it might, Athenians cannot escape this divine decree. It inevitably forces itself onto Athens and into Athens, despite itself. The culture that stops working is the culture that dies. The modern world has tried mightily to escape God’s ordinance. It has introduced all sorts of revolutionary concepts, such as “social welfare,” or “redistribution of wealth,” only to create successive generations of lazy, self-indulgent welfare slaves, which Athenian society then (irrationally) despises.

The upshot of this attempt to escape the command of God to work and labour in the world is that others have to work all the harder. The cynical bumper sticker, “Work hard, millions on welfare depend upon you,” is right on the mark—but either way, Athens cannot succeed with non-conformity to God’s command to man to work diligently at subduing the creation to feed himself in order to live.

Thus, in Genesis 1&2 we have creation ordinances which all human cultures must conform to, in order to survive—including all Unbelieving cultures. We grant that this creates within the heart of Athens an irreconcilable conflict—for, according to the fundamental beliefs of Athens, these things ought not to be. But they are. Athens cannot account for this. It ends up insisting that its citizens conform to these ordinances to one degree or other. It ends up despising and making outcasts those who deny these ordinances in a consistent manner. Yet it both applauds, and hates their endeavour at the same time. Athens is fundamentally irrational. It wants to be free of God, but cannot be. It encourages and militantly fosters rebellion against the Living God, and yet hates those whose rebellion dares to be consistent with its own principles. It is intellectually and spiritually bankrupt—and always will be.

>ChnMind 1:12 The Imperial Power of The Christian Faith

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Not by might, not by power, but by My Spirit, says the Lord of hosts. (Zechariah 4:6)

Some cultures are weak and insipid. They become subjugated. Some emerge initially as powerful, only to die away. Others are, and remain potent. Jerusalem’s culture is the most powerful of all. It alone has the power, the resources, the inspiration, the hope, and the will to subdue all the earth.

The Christian Mind is one attuned to power and might. It seeks after power. But the power that it seeks is not that which comes from the sword. It is not that which comes from forced domination. It is not the power of politics or government. It does not come from lording it over others. It does not come from great wealth.

The power-complex of Jerusalem is diametrically opposed to the power-complex of Athens. Messiah Jesus charactertises the antithesis as follows: “You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great men exercise authority over them. It is not so among you, but whoever wishes to become great among you shall be your servant, and whoever wishes to be the first among you shall be your slave; just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many.” (Matthew 20: 26, 27) The power complex of Jerusalem is distinct in its origin; it is distinct in its application.

The power of Jerusalem is spiritual power—which is to say that it comes from the Holy Spirit. This spiritual power is not anti-material—which is the old Athenian heresy—but it is influence over the entire creation which comes doing all things spiritually—that is, doing all things under the control and direction of God. Secondly, it is ministerial in its application, not lording it over others. Above all, Jerusalem seeks to minister to, or serve the Living God. This requires, in turn, that it is dedicated to the service of the creation. As Jerusalem serves all mankind and the entire creation, it subdues everything. Spirituality means doing all things in creation according to the will and command of the Creator. As Jerusalem ministers in this fashion, she becomes enormously powerful.

Which is more powerful (influential): the Formula One race car or the John Deere tractor? The correct answer depends on whether we are working on a farm or racing at Le Mans. When the tractor does the work for which it was designed and intended, it becomes extremely powerful, able to influence much in the creation order. Similarly with the racing car. When man starts to believe, think, live and act in the way intended and prescribed by the Lord, he becomes exponentially more potent and influential. The power of God to influence and fructify the creation flows through him.

Below are some of the keys to Jerusalem’s power in the world—for Jerusalem is the city made up of people seeking to serve God, according to God’s direction, in God’s world. It is a city of people seeking to bring every thought and act into subjection to His Christ, Who is the head of the new human race.

The Holiness of Creation

The first building block of imperial Jerusalem is to regard all of life as holy and sanctified. Not only has every part of me (heart, soul, strength and mind) to be set aside for holy service to serve God, but all of creation is likewise holy—regarded as belonging to God, and created for His glory and honour. This includes every atom of the entire creation. It is universally valid. Whenever Jerusalem has been persuaded by Athenian whispers that parts of the creation are intrinsically evil and to be disregarded, she has lost spiritual power. God’s covenant is with all that He has created, and he who refuses to accept this, loses spiritual traction and power. “Every square inch for Christ,” is the imperialist slogan of Jerusalem.

Mircea Eliade in his classic volume, The Sacred and the Profane argues that all religions have the motif of two realms: the sacred (special, holy, divine) and the profane (ordinary, common). The Christian faith has this motif as well: when we worship God, particularly gathering with His people to worship on the Lord’s day, we are engaging in a holy activity,unlike any other. “Remember the Sabbath Day to keep it holy. . . . Therefore the Lord blessed the seventh day and made it holy.” (Exodus 20: 8,11) However, the Christian construct of the profane is very different from Athenian religions. For the Christian all of the creation is holy unto the Lord: Christian worship is declared to be particularly holy because it is a celebration of that fact before the Lord. Thus, the Christian sacred/profane distinction is one of focus, not a distinction of being.

Because Jerusalem self-consciously belongs to the all-creating-One, it knows that everything lives and moves and has its being in God. Therefore, everything in the creation belongs to God for His disposition and purpose—and, in that sense, everything is holy to the Lord. “The Lord has made everything for its own purpose; even the wicked for the day of evil,” declares the Proverb. (Proverbs 16:4) As Jerusalem carries out its duties and responsibilities under the Cultural Mandate—going forth to fill the earth, multiply in it, and subdue it—it sees these as acutely holy and spiritual activities.

God Milking the Cows

A second key building block of Jerusalem’s power lies in the concept of vocation or calling. The Cultural Mandate represents a general divine calling by God to man to rule over the creation, subdue it, and cause its potentiality to become actuality. Within that call are manifold individual callings or tasks which come to every man—whether he will acknowledge it or not, obey or not. Jerusalem’s distinctness is reflected insofar as Jerusalem is the city where the inhabitants acknowledge their callings and vocations and seek to carry them out with faithfulness and energy.

God calls some to be teachers, some to be artisans, some to be greenkeepers, some to be judges, and so forth—to represent Him and carry out His work in the creation. Within Jerusalem these tasks are radically and acutely spiritual duties, as spiritual as praying, meditating, giving, or worshiping. The classical text in this regard is found in Exodus 35:30—31, where God provided skilled craftsmen to build the ark and tabernacle: “then Moses said to the sons of Israel, ‘See the Lord has called by name Bezalel, the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. And He has filled him with the Spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding and in knowledge and in all craftsmanship.’” Being Spirit filled meant that Bezalel became a wonderful craftsman.

As Jerusalem embraces the concept of vocation, its citizens prosecute their respective duties and callings with great energy, passion, excitement and skill—because they are spiritual services of worship to Christ the King. Herein lies the source of Jerusalem’s power and influence over the world.

The Protestant Reformation has been viewed as a time of great progress in the Christian faith. However, in may ways, it was not progress, but a recovery (a re-formation) of vital life that had been lost, or had become deeply infected with the idolatry of Athens. Luther, reacting against the limp “other worldliness” of the church of his day, and reflecting instead upon what was taught in Scripture, declared that the plough boy, engaged in his furrows, was involved in just as spiritual and holy a task as the most eminent and effective preacher. The work of the plough boy was as spiritual as the great doctor, Luther. Still further, Luther declared that when the milk maid milked the cows, God was milking the cows! That is how spiritual the activity was and is.

In declaring this, Luther was saying nothing new, but was restating in idiomatic force and colour what God had revealed to the Church in the time of the building of the tabernacle. Paul reiterated this when he declared, “Whether, then, you eat or drink or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God,” (I Corinthians 10:31); and, “Whatever you do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks through Him to God the Father” (Ephesians 3:17); and, “Whatever you do, do your work heartily, as for the Lord rather than for men,” (Ephesians 3:23).

Athens, in denial of the Creator, has no mandate to rule over the earth. It is gnawed with uncertainty, doubt, and guilt over the place of man upon the earth. If you ask an Athenian whether the world would be a better place if mankind were not in it, most would affirm that it would be better if man were not here at all. Nature would be far better off, left alone, without man, the great destroyer. For the Athenian who asserts that man has a right to rule and subdue Nature, if you ask where that right comes from and in what it resides, the only answer Athens can provide is that man’s right to rule the world arises from his ability to do so. If you can, you have a right to. Might makes right. In either case, Athenians at root, are gnawed with the suspicion that mankind’s presence and activity in the world is immoral and evil.

Cultural Power Explodes Under the Reformation

Medieval Christianity was deeply infected with Athenian platonic thought. It was virtually universally believed that the material world was unspiritual and warred against the “true” concerns of God’s kingdom. True spirituality could be achieved only by escaping from the cares, distractions, and concerns to do with the material aspects of life. In other words, medieval Christianity had adopted the pagan view of the sacred and the profane. The Reformation—a widespread return to the Word of God as infallible and final authority over all of life—reversed a great deal of Athenian unbelief in this area. Consequently, as significant parts of Europe returned to a more biblical view, the believing community became empowered, and much more influential over all areas of life. Economic growth exploded, wealth increased, and the creation was more powerfully subdued, leading to a greater unfolding of latent potentialities than ever before.

The impotence of medieval culture and its inability to exercise dominion and power over the earth began to be replaced as Jerusalem started throwing down some of the more pervasively worshiped idols in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. As a result prosperity began to increase. (A perusal of Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism [trans. by Talcott Parsons, (London and New York: Routledge, 1992, first published by HarperCollins in 1930], gives the case for demand side economic growth under the influence of the Reformation. The supply side case is found in Robert B Ekelund, Robert F Hebert, and Robert D Tollison, “Protestantism and Capitalism: A Supply-Side View,” [www.terry.uga.edu/~selgin/files/Tollison2.pdf. ])

Under the influence of biblical faith, all of life came to be seen as a holy calling, and all work spiritual. Feast days were abolished—which had accounted for about one third of all annual work days. Instead of six days of labour, the medieval man and his wife had their work week reduced to four days (the 30 hour week!)—as they wasted time attending endless and increasing feast days. Scarce capital and labour was re-allocated from monumental cathedral construction projects which consumed the resources of generations, pilgrimages, paying for religious festivals, and the construction and sale of pilgrim souvenirs (all designed to help people escape the mundane material world) to far more productive uses related to subduing the creation and causing its potentiality to unfold. As Ekelund, et al. state, “The important thing here is that there was a supply side effect of Protestantism on the labour supply. Festivals, pilgrimages, holy days, and widespread feasting . . . meant a large withdrawal of work effort.” (Ibid., p. 25.)

In addition the number of people materially supported in various capacities within the church was sharply reduced under the Reformation. The medieval church had, not only a profusion of monastic orders, but a wide variety of classes of officers and functionaries within them. Outside the monastic orders, the ecclesiastical establishment (the clergy) was represented in a vast array of offices, positions, and livings. All these offices were regarded as more holy spiritual than the the “office” of plough boy. The Reformation did away with all this leech-like waste.

Incidentally, the medieval church’s adoption of the Athenian sacred versus secular distinction, did not arise out of nothing. It had its roots in pagan Rome. The medieval church did significant damage to Jerusalem by welcoming and abetting the insinuation of Greek idolatry into the holy city—and it was comprehensively done, so much so that it became largely an unconscious development. The development of a feast-day-economy came from Imperial Rome. At the end of the Roman Empire the number of pagan feast days had reached to between 175 and 200 per year. (Webster Hutton, Rest Days: The Christian Sunday, the Jewish Sabbath and Their Historical and Anthropological Prototypes [New York: The MacMillan Company, 1916], pp. 305,6) Many of the “Christian” festivals were borrowed from this pagan calendar—both as to frequency and spirit. The polity and culture of Imperial Rome in the end crumbled under this dead weight. Rome—which had earlier prided itself on its engineering brilliance—drowned itself in mysticism and superstition. Without a Believing Mind, Imperial Rome could not continue to subdue the earth. Its original vigorous practical pragmatism became an attenuated shadow of impotent superstition and ignorance.

Under the Protestant Reformation, there was a significant increase in the demand and supply equations of both capital and labour. This, coupled with what Weber called the Protestant Ethic, meant that post-medieval man was powerfully effective, far more so than centuries of predecessors, in subduing the creation. It serves as a signal demonstration of the imperial power of Jerusalem—power that comes from faithful service to God—over the creation.

When a people or culture work in the way that God has commanded and intends, that culture will become enormously powerful. Ultimately, that power and influence flows to Jerusalem, for she is the City of God. Athens has a name for being alive and potent, but it is dead. The Unbelieving Mind, ever gnawed by the uncertainty of that about which it does not know and cannot speak, by the uncertainty of the random other, is weak, and like Rome of old, will fall before the dead weight of its superstitions. The Believing Mind ever seeks to achieve and wield true, spiritual ministerial power, ultimately exercising enormous influence over mankind and the creation. It is overtly and nakedly ambitious for the glory of God in Christ to be revealed in an ever-increasing panorama.

The Christian Mind seeks the power over the world that arises from being a faithful servant of God.

>ChnMind 1:11 Will Man Succeed in Subduing the Earth?

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The Cultural Mandate After the Fall

The tectonic plates of human history shifted at the Fall—when all mankind in Adam disbelieved God and rebelled against Him. Yet between pre-Fall history and post-Fall history there are continuities, as well as discontinuities.

Clearly, the Lord-Who-does-not-change is one continuity; the creation another; man being in the image of God is a third. The Cultural Mandate—the command to be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it—is yet another. But there are also changes within the Cultural Mandate—changes which reflect the reality and existence of sin.

The first, and most obvious, is that the duties and tasks given to mankind become much harder to perform. While the command to be fruitful and multiply remains, now the bearing of children would be extremely painful. Moreover, the creation itself would now work against man, rebelling against his rule—so that man, being in God’s likeness, would experience being rebelled against. It would grow thorns and thistles—throwing up constant obstacles to man’s rule over nature. Secondly, the very ground was cursed as a result of man’s sin. This meant that it was to be not nearly as productive and fecund as it once was. Man would continue to cultivate it, but would do so in toil and sorrow. It would require hard labour rather than delightfully easy labour.

A good analogy of the contrast between the experience of carrying out the Cultural Mandate before the Fall, and the struggle, strife and effort after the Fall, is the difference between when a sportsperson is “zoned” and when he is not. When a sportsperson is “in the zone” the activities required are found to be effortless and amazingly skillful, precise and accurate. So man before the Fall. When a sportsperson is not zoned, however, every aspect of the game can be a struggle, requiring hard physical effort. Play is unskilled, copious mistakes are made. Everything is hard; every stroke or every shot clumsy. So man after the Fall.

Thus, God speaks to Adam after his sin: “Cursed is the ground because of you; in toil you shall eat of it all the days of your life. Both thorns and thistles it shall grow for you; and you shall eat of the plants of the field—by the sweat of your face you shall eat bread, until you return to the ground.” (Genesis 3:17—19)

The citizens of Jerusalem by faith accept this duty-by-struggle in humility, recognising that it provides a constant reminder that sin has consequences which cannot easily be escaped. But, thanks be to God, this does not consign mankind to a never ending life sentence of hard labour. In Psalm 8, man’s position as being a little lower than God is to result in him being crowned with glory and majesty—these are not terms of humiliation and despair. He is made to rule over the works of God’s hands. And this is provides the ground for declaring the glory and majesty of the Name of God through the whole earth.

As God’s plan of redemption unfolds and comes to pass, it takes a most spectacular and amazing turn. Herein lies the greatest discontinuity between the time prior to the Fall and afterward. Another Adam is born into the human race—a second Adam—Who wins the right to reverse all the consequences of Adam’s sin. As such, He is the first to be crowned fully with the glory and honour which God originally intended for mankind. The glorious picture given in Psalm 8 for mankind in general is declared to be realised and accomplished first in the Person of the Lord Jesus Christ. (Compare Psalm 8 with Hebrews 2: 5-8) He is raised to the right hand of God—the highest place of dignity for any creature. All authority in heaven and earth is granted to Him, and gradually, all things and all enemies are being placed under His feet. He will remain at God’s right hand until it is finished and done. (Psalm 110:1)

His people, the citizens of Jerusalem, share in this gradual restitution because they inherit the fruit and blessing of what He earned on their behalf. We are part of the new creation which is being worked by Christ as He impeccably and irrevocably brings the fruit of His redemption to pass on the earth. The creation will gradually cease to groan under the weight of man’s sin as the citizens of Jerusalem grow in number and a great multitude which no man can number depart Athens, the city of death and come through the gates of Jerusalem, the city of life in Christ. The last enemy that will be abolished is death. Eye has not seen nor ear heard what glory awaits to come forth upon the earth as the Kingdom of God expands to fill the whole, as Athens is depopulated and withers away into an ossified relic of a bygone blighted age.

So the call continues to go out to the citizens of Athens, who in our day foolishly believe that it is Jerusalem which is an empty relic of a primitive past and that Athens has triumphed. But He who sits at God’s right hand is laughing at them (Psalm 2: 4). Indeed it is Athens which is doomed, not Jerusalem. God has decreed that Athens shall be shattered and broken by His Christ. Therefore, Athenians, while it is still today, while it is still possible, leave the city of death. Come to Jerusalem and worship the Lord with reverence and rejoice with trembling. There is no future for you in Athens—only death. Leave now, for tomorrow the gates of Jerusalem may be shut forever to you.

I will surely tell of the decree of the Lord:
He said to Me, “Thou art My Son,
Today I have begotten Thee.
Ask of Me, and I will surely give the nations as Thy inheritance,
And the very ends of the earth as Thy possession.
Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron,
Thou shalt shatter them like earthenware.”

Now, therefore, O kings, show discernment
Take warning, O judges of the earth.
Worship the Lord with reverence,
And rejoice with trembling.
Do homage to the Son, lest He become angry
And you perish in the way,
For His wrath may soon be kindled.

How blessed are those who take refuge in Him.
(Psalm 2:7—12)

It is well to recall that these are the words of the Living God, Who called all things into being of nothing by His command. His declaration over Athens makes its history and prospect, doom and dissolution utterly certain–as certain as existence itself. To parody Descartes: I am (and the creation is), therefore Athens is doomed.

To the vast majority within Athens, the god of current favour and choice is the Government. It is to their kings, rulers and judges they look for provision and life, health and happiness, salvation and safety. But, citizens of Athens, the doom of your judges and rulers is declared and certain—and if you continue in them and with them, you will likewise perish with them. Come out from among them while it is still today.

The certain prospect that the Jerusalem will triumph upon the earth fills its citizens with hope that will not disappoint. Therefore, the Christian mind is fundamentally an optimistic mind, experiencing all the well-being that such well-founded godly optimism brings. The optimistic outlook of the Believing Mind is not pollyanna like—refusing to see any evil or danger, suffering or harm—but rather sees the inevitable and ultimate triumph of Christ and His people upon the earth, despite such things. Any reversals are viewed as mere short-term setbacks. Any suffering is for the ultimate increase in His glory. Any struggle with sin is seen as for the greater manifestation of Christ’s grace. No labour for Christ is in vain. No work of faith without significance. No effort without fruit.

For the Believing Mind these things are as certain as God Himself, utterly locked in by the resurrection of Christ from the dead, and His ascension and enthronement on high.